Childhood Asthma Case Study

R.J. is a 15-year-old boy with a history of asthma diagnosed at age 8. His asthma episodes are triggered by exposure to cats and various plant pollens. He has been using his albuterol inhaler 10 to 12 times per day over the last 3 days and is continuing to wheeze. He normally needs his inhaler only occasionally (2 or 3 times per week). He takes no other medications and has no other known medical conditions. Physical examination reveals moderate respiratory distress with a respiratory rate of 32, oximetry 90%, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) 60% of predicted, and expiratory wheezing.

Task analysis is the process of obtaining information about a job by determining the duties, tasks, and activities involved and the knowledge, skills, and abilities required in performing each task. There can be broken down into six

Farmers tend to be exposed to chemicals like ammonia and pesticides daily that can affect the skin and the respiratory system due to inhalation. Scientists and researchers in eastern North Carolina have also been investigating the plausible association between exposure to airborne pollution from swine and wheezing symptoms among nearby

History of Present Illness: Ms. Johnson is a very pleasant 66-year-old woman who was previously evaluated in this office by Elvira Aguila, MD for the diagnosis of asthma. She was last seen in January 2015. She states that overall, she has done well. However, over the last two to three weeks, she has noticed increasing shortness of breath as well as productive cough, rhinorrhea and postnasal drip. She states that she has been using her rescue inhaler above and beyond what is normal for her up to 10 times a day yesterday and she states that she has had some improvement in her symptoms with her short acting bronchodilator. She denies any fevers or chills.

From the information gathered from the case study above, SE asthma is not well controlled because, she has been using her albuterol metered- dose inhaler approximately three to four days a week over the last two months. She has been awakened by cough three nights during the last month. She has shortness of breath during exercise, which does not usually occur to her during exercise. She has been hospitalized two times in the last year due to her asthma exacerbation and SE has visited the emergency department six times for the past six months due to asthma symptoms and exacerbation

As of 2009, studies conducted by the CDC have shown that asthma impacts approximately one in every twelve people, and the numbers only continue to grow (CDC, 2011). Some of the most common symptoms can range anywhere from coughing (especially at night or during exercise), wheezing and chest tightness, to shortness of breath. Asthma is often a chronic condition and while many times it can present itself as being mild, it can also sometimes lead to death if a person suffers an asthma attack. Asthma can be genetic, but it can also be caused, as well as exacerbated by, environmental factors such as air pollution. Studies have shown that children living in the Bronx are experiencing asthma at levels eight times higher than the national average. In addition, rates of death from asthma are a whopping three times higher than the national average, and hospitalization rates at about five times higher.” (Ruppell, 2000). Asthma is not a disease that targets only one group of people, yet the Bronx still exhibits disproportionately high levels of asthma especially in neighborhoods that are poorer areas of the city. In fact, people from these poor areas are 21 times more likely to be hospitalized due to asthmatic conditions compared to people from more affluent parts of the city (Ruppell,

At various stages of asthma, preventative measures can be used to control or alleviate the symptoms associated with this disease. Education is an important component to every intervention phase, particularly in primary prevention, because the patient is encouraged to be proactive with their personal health in order to avoid and control the triggers. Prescribed medication, such as an inhaler, and an action plan that is individualized to the specific care of a particular patient is essential in the secondary prevention phase. Finally, in the tertiary prevention phase, the care is directed not only at the common asthmatic symptoms and triggers but also at the complications that result from long-term suffering of this disease. This paper focuses on environmental factors which trigger asthma, with specific focus on children from infancy to 16 years of age in low-income housing, and how the appropriate measure can minimize the triggers and symptoms. The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) is the example we will use.

Asthmatic individuals can suffer from a reduced quality of life that is both physical and psychological. It was estimated in 2009 that approximately 17.5 million adults, and 7.1 million children suffer from asthma. An estimated total cost of this disease in 2010 was $20.7 billion dollars (Quality, 2014). This paper will focus on Pathopharmacological foundations, pathophysiology, pharmacological treatments, and the social and environmental impacts of asthma on our communities and nation.

For today’s analysis, the author has chosen the subject matter of school-aged children that experiences asthma. Asthma is a silent killer; the mortality rate is on the rise. Asthma is a chronic condition that hits home for the author and family. The author’s daughter has chronic asthma and environmental factors advance her symptoms. Other times when the air quality is cleaner, her daughter’s asthma symptoms go into remission. Many adults are unaware of the risks from the first and second-hand smoke. For example, in the author’s previous home, second-hand smoking triggered her daughter’s asthma attacks. As a result, the author lost countless homework hours and dollars because her daughter required

About 10% of American children have asthma (Thakur et al., 2013). It is vital to understand what determinants cause childhood asthma to understand even with a low percentage, why it is still present. According to Williams et al., asthma is a health outcome which is a major impact on American youth (Williams et al., 2009). This health outcome not only impacts them throughout the years of being a child, but it has the potential of creating more serious health problems in the future. And without knowing what the causes are, it increases the rate asthma among children and prevents treatments from being implemented. It needs to be addressed by using results from prior studies in order to show how much of a problem childhood asthma is but also in finding and understanding the other underlying

Asthma is the leading cause of hospital admissions during childhood. Kumar and Robbins give an accurate definition of asthma as “a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night and/or early in the morning” (489). Asthma is a terrifying disease, especially in children, because of the sudden attacks that could claim lives if not treated immediately and effectively. Despite recent advancements in available drugs and overall therapy, the incidence of childhood asthma is rising (Dolovich 373). In order to effectively treat and eventually prevent the onset of asthma, more effective and economical therapies are necessary; although

Children with asthma around secondhand smoke have more severe and frequent asthma attacks, which can put a child’s life in danger.

A vital part of asthma control involves identifying environmental and lifestyle triggers and educating both parents and their children on how to minimize their effects. While on the mobile health vehicle, we will use this opportunity to encourage parents and students to attend our educational seminars about preventive measures families can take at home in order to reduce the amount of asthma triggers, therefore reducing the number of asthma attacks. We will hold one educational seminar per season during afterschool hours in order to talk about specific seasonal asthma triggers and overall interventions that families can do at home to. There is sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between asthma exacerbation and exposure to furry pets, cockroaches, house dust mite, mold, and environmental tobacco smoke (IOM

Asthma is another health concern that is affecting one’s community as well. Some of the factors that are contributed to this concern could well be the pollution in the air as well the constant smoking around their children. On the other hand, member of the community failed to take care of themselves or to seek medical treatment until they are having an asthma attack.

Exposure to second-hand smoke (household smoke such as cooking over wood, coal etc; passive smoking etc)