Case Study Summary Stroke

The thumb is not normally involved. “In a small number of people … the skin may thicken or tighten but ulcers or sores do not occur” (Ratchford & Evan, 2015). Although the presenting symptoms are the same with Secondary Raynaud’s, other processes of the underlying disease can evolve into multi-system and/or organ involvement. The cause of PR is idiopathic, or without known reason; whereas the cause of Secondary Raynaud’s is the associated disease process. Depending on the underlying disease process, the symptoms are varied. For instance, with Rheumatoid Arthritis joint pain, swelling, and joint changes can occur. Secondary Raynaud’s does not cause systemic dysfunction, but is a symptom of the underlying disease; the underlying disease process causes the systemic symptoms that commonly present with Raynaud’s

The thumb joint below stress is referred to as carpometacarpal joint or basal joint. Basal joint arthritis is often referred to as osteoarthritis. The cartilage that protects and cushions the thumb joint is worn out, for that reason causing soreness throughout movement of the hand. Consult a health care provider to get a suitable splint that supports the thumb and to better manipulate its motion. The healthcare professional could prescribe medicine or cortisone injection to manipulate and shrink joint irritation. Corrective surgical procedure is also advised as a method to cut down the nagging thumb joint

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, also called radial styloid tenosynovitis, is a painful condition that affects the inside of the wrist. The two tendons that are located at the base of the thumb begin to swell, causing the tendons and the area around them to become inflamed. As a result, pressure is placed against the neighboring nerves, leading to a feeling of numbness and pain.

This condition is diagnosed with a medical history and physical exam. Your health care provider will ask about any details of an injury as well as your symptoms.

In osteoarthritis of the fingers (not including the thumb), it usually affects the Distal Interphalangeal joint which connects the distal and middle phalanges. It causes swelling and deformation in the area, usually appearing first on the index and middle fingers, then progressing to the remaining fingers (Joints Affected by OA 04/20/17). Osteoarthritis develops in the fingers after heavy joint use involved with gripping heavy objects. Osteoarthritis in the thumb occurs at the base of the thumb, where the Carpometacarpal joint joins the Trapezium and Metacarpal 1. Osteoarthritis in the thumb is deemed to be more common than that of other fingers due to the nature of opposable thumbs in humans. This is the joint that enables people to swivel, pivot, and pinch with their hands in order to grip things (Osteoarthritis of Fingers 04/20/17). Since gripping is an important everyday movement and there is only one thumb as opposed to the remaining four fingers, the thumb is exposed to more wear and tear. The pain that settles with osteoarthritis in the fingers occurs directly in the affected areas. Any previous fractures or injuries to these joints increase the chances of osteoarthritis in the fingers because those will have had already weakened the

The over the counter medication once known only for its ability of easing aches and pains or fighting off fever and inflammation is proving itself to be quite the miracle drug. Aspirin has become part of the protocol for stroke victims as a preventative measure due to its neuro-protective benefits. Stroke can cause lesions in cerebral white matter, which may result in cognitive impairments such as deficits in learning and memory. White matter lesions (WML) have also been linked to increasing the risk of post-stroke dementia. Cerebral white matter damage has been widely overlooked. Comprised of oligodendrocytes that form the insulating myelin in the CNS, white matter is evidentially just as vulnerable to ischemia as gray matter.

Regarding Right Long Trigger and Right Ring Trigger Release, the ODG guidelines state that trigger finger release is recommended where symptoms persist. Trigger finger is a condition in which the finger becomes locked in a bent position because

The irritation and inflammation associated with trigger finger disrupts the normal gliding motion of the tendon as it moves through the sheath. This interference contributes to the trademark bent position of an affected finger. If the tendon sheath remains irritated for an extended period of time, it can lead to thickening, scarring, and bumps that further impede

Cerebrovascular stroke is considered as one of the most epileptogenic conditions in elderly [9, 13]. It accounts for 30% of newly diagnosed seizures in patients older than 60 years [25]. Given the adverse impact of post-stroke seizures on neurological outcome and quality of life as well as challenges in whether to initiate prophylactic treatment with antiepileptic medications or not, it is of much more important to estimate patients at high risk of developing such seizures and knowing the relevant predictors of post-stroke seizures

Consequently, more attention has been focused on the long-term adverse effect of the use of the immunosuppressive agents. For instances, corticosteroids have numerous side effects which include "slow wound healing and de novo insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.” (NCBI) It has been found that many

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterize by symmetric polyarthritis and joint changes including erythema, effusion and tenderness. Its course is characterize by remission and exacerbations. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect several organ, but usually involve synovial tissue changes in the freely movable joints like the wrist, the PIP joint, the metacarpophalangeal joints. This article provide a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, pharmacological therapy and the nursing implication.

For this week 's post is regarding the imaging of wrist and hand. First, diagnostic imaging is a fundamental element of clinical examination of the wrist and hand for possible injury or trauma. Due to the complexity of the anatomy of the wrist and hand, it 's hard to diagnose a true pathology of the wrist and hand. However, an individual suffers from their activities of daily living, missed work or sports due to early restrictions of hand/wrist motion (provided and prescribed by medical practitioners) due to the unconfirmed diagnosis of wrist pathology, such as scaphoid waist fracture.

Several studies have highlighted the need for more formal staff training on oral health (Adams 1996, Preston et al 2006). However, there appears to be no improvement in oral care and the provision of training .patients who have had a stroke, the National Clinical Guideline for Stroke (2008) produced guidance for post stroke patients. However, studies shows that the education on oral care that nurses receive before and after qualification continues to be limited (Adams 1996, Longhurst 1998). Education is essential in empowering nurses to provide the best care for patients and to enable the nursing staff to change their attitudes and practices in relation to oral health care.

Two algorithms have been designed to diagnose chronic wrist pain and both emphasize the importance of detailed history taking and examination, which include orthopedics assessment of the joint through a series of wrist movements, palpation and provocative maneuvers. A systematic examination helps categorize the wrist pain to radial, central, ulnar-sided or diffuse wrist pain and also formulates an appropriate diagnosis. Provocative maneuvers use precise physical examination techniques where the examiner introduces energy into the wrist in a manner

Approximately 15 million people suffer a stroke worldwide each year, of those 5 million die and another 5 million are permanently disabled Mackay et al (2004). Stroke tends to affect people over the age of 75 (Scarborough et al 2009). Since almost 70% of people over 75 retain some teeth (Todd and Laden 1998), maintaining a healthy mouth is important for elderly stroke patients. Not only does effective oral care play a central role in the prevention of infection, a healthy mouth also makes a real difference to a person’s quality of life (McGrath and Bedi 1998) and maintenance of nutritional status (Jones 1998) .For these reasons, this dissertation will examine the benefits of good oral hygiene for elderly stroke patients and nurses role in