Case Study On Acute Pancreatitis

Because of the excessive pancreatic juice and bile Zachary’s pancreas will not be able to function correctly, this will result in a blockage of the secretions that will continue to build causing further damage and inflammation. Zachary will end up with extrahephatic jaundice due to the blockage of bile drainage and he will become malnourished and lose weight.

A 14 year old female with no known history of pancreatitis, alcoholism, diabetes, or biliary disease presented for an abdominal sonogram. Her only symptom was generalized upper abdominal pain with no history of nausea, vomiting, weight loss, or appetite changes. Ultrasound images showed a well circumscribed, round, hypoechoic 14-mm lesion within the head of the pancreas and another lesion in the body. Color Doppler analysis showed no internal or peripheral vascularity associated with the lesions. The main pancreatic duct was dilated, measuring at 4 mm. The ultrasound examination was followed by an MRI which demonstrated a 12 mm mass in the pancreatic body that correlated to the

Elevated lipase and amylase levels cause breakdown of local adipose tissue. The time of increased amylase and lipase occurs 16-25% of the time in DKA. Some reports show that nonspecific elevations of amylase in DKA. Increased serum lipase is also assumed to indicate acutal pancreatic involvement. (Rizvi) “Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis rests on the presence of abdominal pain and associated increses of amylase and lipas.” (Rizvi)

The recent development of new respiratory gating techniques, motion resistant pulse sequences, and additive advantages of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) imaging protocols make MRI a very accurate investigation modality for the evaluation of pancreatic masses. MRI has the unique ability of non-invasive evaluation of the pancreatic ducts, pancreatic parenchyma, adjacent soft tissues, and vascular network in a single examination.

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process ranging from mild abdominal discomfort to severe disease involving multiple organ systems. Diagnosis is based on the presence of at least two of the following three features: abdominal pain; increased pancreatic amylase, and/or lipase levels to ≥3 times the upper limit of normal; and imaging tests showing characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis. The incidence of acute pancreatitis is known to differ geographically due to differences in alcohol consumption or in the incidence of gallstones disease in different parts of the world. Cholelithiasis is the leading cause of acute pancreatitis

This article, which was submitted for review in 2013, was written by Lennard YW Lee, Ramez Golmohamad, and George MacFaul of the Department of Gastroenterology, Milton Keynes NHS Foundation Trust, Standing Way, Milton Keynes MK65LD, United Kingdom. The paper was accepted for publication August 25, 2013.

Bile duct stricture is a rare but challenging clinical condition. There is often delay in diagnosis of biliary stricture because of its slow progression. Benign strictures develop due to injury of the bile ducts during surgery or trauma to the abdomen; a recurring condition like pancreatitis or bile duct stones or a chronic disease like primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Inflammation occurs soon after injury, which is followed by fibrosis and narrowing of the bile duct lumen. Degeneration of the hepatic segment or lobe void by the involved bile ducts, associated with hypertrophy of the natural segments, can occur, especially with chronic strictures. These changes eventually develop to portal hypertension and secondary biliary

Methods. This study used a retrospective cohort design that included 70,862 patients from 526 acute care hospitals in Japan. The data were collected from the Japanese Diagnosis

Cholelithiasis in patients with cirrhosis is two times more common as compared with general population. Previously Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy was contraindicated in cirrhotic patients, with the time and more expertise has replaced open cholecystectomy as the standard of care of Cholelithiasis. Improvements in operating skills and equipment have gradually permitted its application in several previously.

As you get older you have a bigger possibility of having pancreatic cancer. That is because it is mostly common between elderly people, between 55 years and older.

The disease can also result in various obstructions of the pancreas, hindering digestion (World Health Organization, 2012, p.5).

Acute Pancreatitis: Acute inflammation of the pancreas.The most common pathogenic mechanism is autodigestion of the pancreas. The etiological factor injures pancreatic cells or activates the pancreatic enzymes in the pancreas rather than in the intestine which may be due to reflux of bile acids into the pancreatic duct through an open or distended sphincter of Oddi. The result may also be caused by blockage created by a gallstone. Obstruction of pancreatic ducts results in pancreatic ischemia.The pathophysiology involvement of acute pancreatitis is

Pancreatic cancer is a disease that has no cure. It comes in the body and hides until it wants to be found, by the time it is found the cancer is usually in the late stages. However there may be a cure in the near future.

“Each year, acute pancreatitis sends more than 200,000 Americans to the hospital. Many of those who suffer from pancreatic problems are also heavy drinkers” (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol's Impact Your Health” 15). The pancreas is an important organ which aids in digestions and energy conversion. The pancreas directs enzymes to the small intestine to digest nutrients and it also secretes insulin and glucagon. The body’s main source of energy is glucose and insulin allows additional glucose to be stored away in the body properly. Too much alcohol damages cells in the pancreas, causing complications with insulin, leaving the organ open to inflammation. Alcohol causes the pancreas to discharge the enzymes intended for the small intestine back into the pancreas which can lead to inflammation and the swelling of tissues and blood vessels. Pancreatitis is the inflammation which causes the organ to malfunction and if one continues to drink, it can magnify into chronic pancreatitis when the inflammation is constant (“Beyond Hangovers: Understanding Alcohol's Impact Your Health” 15-16). Pancreatitis causing severe abdominal pain, persistent diarrhea, and is not curable. Sixty-percent of circumstances result from alcohol; although, some have been linked to gallstones (Freeman).

The current study completed at the General Surgery department, Banha University Hospital in Egypt and King Saud Hospital in Saudi Arabia since January 2015 till May 2017. The present study includes 100 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. After approval of the study protocol by the Ethical Committee and obtaining fully informed written patients' consent for the participation in the study. Patients hospitalized through the emergency unit to the General Surgery department, high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) according to the seriousness of patients’ general condition at the time of admission.