6.5.2. Diamond-Like Carbon
Diamond-like carbon (DLC), exhibits a number of properties similar to diamond. DLC is a family of amorphous carbon materials, existing in seven different forms that contain sp2 and sp3 hybridised carbon atoms. Sp2 refers to the graphite bonding structure, whilst sp3 refers to a diamond bonding structure. Graphite and diamond have very similar structures, but the bonding type differentiates them. By altering the ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonding and hydrogen content, different mechanical properties in DLC films are observed. Figure 6.26 shows a phase diagram illustrating different DLC coating structures and their bonding type. More sp2 bonding gives rise to films of lower hardness and abrasion resistance, but improved tribological properties. Films containing a higher proportion of sp3 bonding and less hydrogen have a tetrahedral structure similar tantamount to diamond, exhibiting high surface toughness but reduced ductility.56 The relative proportion of the two bonding types is highly dependent on the deposition method and processing parameters.57 Values of Young’s modulus have above 900GPa have been obtained.58 Nuclear magnetic resolution (NMR) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are common techniques to characterise the hybridization of DLC films.59
Many potential applications exist due to the unique combination of properties DLC exhibits. Antireflective and abrasion resistant coatings for IR optics and smartphone touchscreens make use
For each test sample, we designed 49 (7×7 array) different indent locations (Fig.9) with a spacing of 15μm. We could get 5 hardness and modulus values respectively for each location from one loading-unloading curve, and therefore 245 hardness and 245 modulus values totally for each sample. By averaging the hardness and modulus, the test results were summarized in Table. 4. Center region was the middle area of coating which was fully deposited with nanoparticles, while transition region is the edge of coating which was partially
Carbon has six total electrons; two of the electrons it has are in its first electron shell while the other four are its valence electrons. Due to its four valence electrons, it rarely gains and/or loses electrons and/or form ionic bonds due to the fact it would have to give away or take four other electrons. In order to complete its outer shell, carbons shares its valence electrons with other atoms by having four separate covalent bonds. The carbon atom then becomes the crossing point where each molecule branches off into four separate directions.Carbon’s electron configuration allows it to bond frequently with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. If the carbon atom forms only a single covalent bond, The electrons form so that its bonds angle towards an imaginary tetrahedron.
Brilliance in Diamonds is a jewelry store that is located in Metairie, Louisiana. They want to guide their customers through the process of creating the perfect engagement ring at a wholesale price. They view every single creation as a partnership between them and their clients. Brilliance in Diamonds is GIA certified. They are certified diamond experts.
Treasury Staff: Explain to the treasury staff that 10% discount rate is a fair number to use because it is mentioned in the capital budgeting manual. When addressing the treasury staff, talk about what was meant by the comment and understand why they want to use 7% for the rate of return.
The Dinosaur Diamond, or as it is officially known, the Dinosaur Diamond Scenic and Historic Byway, is not the kind of excursion you take in just one day. This 512-mile loop is located in Western Colorado with parts extending into neighboring Utah, where it is called the Dinosaur Diamond Prehistoric Highway. The diamond offers opportunities for history buffs, science nuts and dinosaur lovers of all ages.
The case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty is one of the most interesting cases within the stem cell community. This case also ties into the case above, as it deals with the patenting of cells. However, in this case the additional charge pertains to the human- made production of life. Although the plaintiff did not create another living human being he, nevertheless created a living organism. The plaintiff was an microbiologist working at the University Of Illinois College Of Medicine. Chakrabarty filled for the patent on 1972 to the to the General Electric Co. The application contained 36 claims to his creation of "a bacterium from the genus Pseudomonas containing therein at least two stable energy-generating plasmids, each of said plasmids providing
The story of Mindful Diamond begins with a mission inspired by my mother. As a single woman, she moved from India to the USA to take on the American business world – no prior experience to her name. Her drive to succeed was as strong as her desire to give her three children the greatest possible life. With only $80 to her name, she began a small-scale gemstone business in 1985. Despite setbacks and hardships along the way, her determination allowed her small business to eventually grow into a highly successful jewelry chain.
A mans best friend is a dog and girl's Diamonds. Marilyn Monroe said it best, "diamonds are a girl's best friend." This timeless saying makes Tiffany's & Co, Cartier, and Harry Winston very happy and helps the sale of diamonds more than Ms. Monroe will ever know. A diamond is not just the "4c's" anymore, color, carat weight, clarity and cut. Diamonds are revolving into something more than the hardest mineral. The diamond says more than words could express. A symbol of love is worn on the left but what about the right? Women of the world raise your right hands because you deserve to glisten is essentially the meaning behind the Diamond Trading Company's advertising. What is silent but speaks volumes? It's your worth in the form of a
Graphite is a form of carbon which is an element. In graphite, the carbon atoms are joined together and arranged in layers. The links between the carbon atoms in the layer are strong, but the links between the layers are weak. The layers easily slip over each other. That's why graphite in a pencil is soft and you can see a mark when you write with it on paper.
Graphene is a form of carbon which has recently been receiving a great deal of attention. Some have come to call it “the wonder material” due to its many extraordinary properties. Although isolated in 2004, graphene's properties had been calculated decades earlier. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. A single sheet of graphene is stronger than steel and yet remains very flexible, retaining all of its properties despite being bent and unbent multiple times. It is able to sustain extremely high electric current densities, is impermeable to all gasses, has a thermal conductivity double that of diamond and a very high electron mobility at room temperature. It is also easily chemically functionalized,
Some examples of compounds formed by carbon include diamonds which are pure carbon and are the hardest substance known to man with no known other material that can cut them. Graphite which is also a pure carbon-based molecule can be found in your pencil as lead. The oil in our cars is made of carbon, and the plastic of your keypad is carbon-based. Additionally, Carbon nanotubes which can self assemble and provide not only incredible strength, but also electrical, optical, thermal and kinetic properties like no other materials (The Biochemical Essense of Life: Carbon, n.d.). Another key feature of carbon is that its bonds are strong enough to resist environmental stresses, but weak enough to be manipulated by our bodies with enzymes which is a requirement of any organism’s metabolism (The Biochemical Essense of Life: Carbon, n.d.).
This paper will discuss the new glassy carbon discovery. This is done by giving a brief background about the glassy carbon and its uses, as well as the diamonds that can be made of
* Diamond is the strongest natural mineral known by a man. It is a crystalline form of carbon.
Graphene is a two dimensional carbon allotrope, it is a layered material that can be formed into thin sheets. Each layer is made up of hexagonal rings which make its structural appearance comparable to that of a honeycomb. Graphene is an atom thick and is the thinnest material there is that does not become unstable when exposed to air (Donostia-San, 2014.) Graphene also forms a strong crystal lattice that does not have any gaps in its structure, this gives rise to the several unique properties it has (Discovery of graphene, 2009.) The main intention of this report is to inform readers about how graphene was discovered and how it will impact a wide range of industries in the
So, what is the Black Diamond Mines you may ask, it is a Regional Preserve that is over 6000 acres, the location is in Antioch CA.