Essay Case

growth. Corruption reduces the efficiencies of the operations of the market economy and a loss

First, it is important to define what corruption is. The term, “corruption” covers a broad range of human actions,

“Ivory Tower,” is a new documentary that explores the growing student debt crisis in America as well as an depth look into some popular institutions around the country and what they are doing right.. or wrong in some cases. The movie goes right in and starts to cover some ground on Harvard University, the first American college, and its history. It mentions it is the “source of DNA” for all colleges and how it influences every single higher education institution in the country. I was incredibly surprised to find that Harvard provides full coverage scholarships to anyone it deems in need of financial assistance and is among only 1.25 percent of colleges in the nation to offer full need-based scholarships, according to the film.

The background of the situation is essential to understand its full impact From the way Nigeria was colonized, it was clear from the start that it would bode ill for the future inhabitants of Nigeria. Beginning in the 19th century, the British started to make their presence felt along the coast. In earlier

Upper school English teacher Ms. L.C. says her favorite smell is that of a melting popsicle in the summer. “I love the sweet fructose of the popsicle juice,” said L.C. “Especially the way it combines with the smell of the wooden stick.”

     Violation of Human Rights, destruction of the environment, and denial of freedom of speech and congregation are the ethical issues raised in this case. The Human Rights violations are many. The Nigerian special police force raped, tortured, and murdered hundreds who spoke out against the tyrannical government. All together they killed 2,000 Ogoni, razed 27 villages and displaced over 80,000 people who fled into the bush as refugees. The oil spills by the Shell Company, the lying of the pipeline across farmlands, and

Corruption can be distinguished regarding to where it happens: at the political or management levels of the public sector, or in the private sector between customer and supplier. It can be identified regarding

Nigeria is an Agricultural and oil rich nation but characterised by Political instability, corruption, poor

The military elites made the situation even worse by staging coups and making a mockery of democracy in Nigeria. The military era was marked by corruption, ineptitude and confusion. It drove Nigeria into many problems including economic problems, poverty, and ethno-religious conflicts until the 1990s. The military continued intervening because they believed the civilian leaders were inept and indecisive.

The remote causes include but not limited to the following: the Kano Riot of 1953; the national census controversy of 1962; the general election crisis of 1964; the Western Region election of 1965; free expression of tribal sentiments in political campaigns; the tendency to suppress opposition in politics, domination of Northern Nigeria in their own regime by the southerners; introduction of the Northern oligarchy into the administration of Nigeria; desire for each regional party to control the centre; the introduction of Decree 34 by the Ironsi’s government who intended to make Nigeria a Unitary State.

In addition to the importance of corruption in the policy agenda, there is emerging consensus in academia, empirically as well as theoretically, that corruption has detrimental effects on society on different levels. Odell (2010) describes it as a ‘systematic disabler’ damaging economic and human development and adding

Political- economy is a complex term, consist of politics and economy. So at first we have to know what politics is and what economy is before discussing political economy.

Corruption has been seen as a major obstacle of rapid economic growth and development. It is a complex phenomenon whose roots lay in political and bureaucratic institutions and affects the economic growth of different countries. It makes the governments intervene where they do not need to, and it weakens the ability of the government to enact and implement policies in areas in which government intervention is needed. Over the years, the dispute of the economic consequences of corruption on economic growth has been a topic of analysis. The analysis is focused on the effect of corruption on economic growth. Several studies have generally found a negative correlation between corruption, economic growth, inequality, governance, income distribution and business environment. At the same time also some positive correlation with economic growth has been found to exist.

Political economy means the study of different economic theories and methods that influence political ideology. In a broader sense, political economy is the nexus between economics, law and politics and how concerned institutions work to develop in various social and economic system, such as socialism, capitalism, and communism, and also is an systematic approach or analysis of how public policy is formulated and implemented. (Investopedia, 2016)

Political economy is a branch of social science. The term of political economy has come from Greek word ‘polis’ means city or state and ‘oikonomos’ meaning one who manages a household or state. So we can tell political economy thus can be understood as the study of how a country or household is manage or governed taking into account both political and economic factors (David N Balaan)