Bronchitis Research Paper

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Bronchiolitis is defined by the textbook as, “a diffuse, inflammatory obstruction in the small airways or bronchioles occurring most commonly in children” (Heuther & McCance, 2012). It is an acute inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract that occurs most commonly in infants and is caused by infection with seasonal viruses such as respiratory synctial virus (RSV) (Zorc & Hall, 2010). Bronchiolitis often results from an obstruction of the small airways. It is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States (Zorc & Hall 2010) and is arguably the most common significant medical illness of childhood, with at least “1 in 7 normal infants developing symptomatic bronchiolitis in his or her first year of

Bronchitis usually results from a viral infection, so antibiotics aren’t effective but your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic if he or she suspects that you have a bacterial infection. If there is a chronic lung disorder involved or if you smoke, our doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to reduce your risk of a serious secondary infection. Cough medic ine suppress a cough that brings up mucus because coughing helps remove irritants form your lungs and air passages. Over the counter medicine may help if your cough keeps you from sleeping. If you have COPD, your doctor may recommend an inhaler and other medications to reduce inflammation and open narrowed passages in your lungs. Some side affects of traditional treatment for bronchitis are: shortness of breath, rash, hives, itching, swelling of lips, face, or tounge, and in more severe cases fainting.

Aspirin, Tylenol and Advil reduces the fever. Drinking lots of water helps along with an inhaler for the wheezing or shortness of breath. Antibiotic is also prescribed if in the secondary stage of bacterial infection. Doctors would recommend someone to stop smoking when being diagnoses as it is a risk. A test can be taken called spirometry which tells you how well your lungs are working along with x-ray and other tests.

Chronic bronchitis is caused by inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. These tubes carry oxygen to and from the alveoli of the lungs.

• If you were prescribed antibiotic medicine, take it as told by your health care provider. Do not stop taking the antibiotic even if your condition improves.

Patient J.B. presented the office with chief complaints of coughs and sore throat that lasted about seven days. These symptoms are typically seen in respiratory tract infection or inflammation that is caused by viruses or bacteria. The initial differential diagnoses included Influenza, cough, common cold, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, and postnasal drip syndrome based on the chief complaints. The reason that why these differential diagnoses were considered is because they all have coughs as the symptom. Some of these differential diagnoses have both coughs and sore throat. JD, et al. (2017) states that Influenza A or B viruses can cause a dry cough and sore throat. Troullos,

Bronchiectasis is a lung condition which may create breathing problems that produce dramatic effects on how you function on a day to day basis. It causes the airways that bring air both to and from the lungs to widen and become flimsy, slowing the ability of the airway to clear away mucus. After enough time, this will prevent the airways to moving air in and out of the lungs.

• If you were prescribed an antibiotic medicine, take it as told by your health care provider. Do not stop taking the antibiotic medicine even if you start to feel better.

It may be argued that the notion of child abuse is socially constructed, in other words the definition changes over time and it may even be different from one culture/country to the next, it is ‘a product of a particular culture and context and not an absolutely unchanging phenomenon’ (Corby, 1993, p.39). For example, in the UK in the 1980’s there were four types of abuse, in 1988 there were five and in 1991 they were back to four. For example, work into child protection emerged in the 1960’s and so if this was the case Corby (1993) asks if child abuse did not exist before this or was it undiscovered? Corby (1993) speaks of ‘a conspiracy of silence’ as the NSPCC were reluctant to highlight cases of sexual abuse in the same manner as

Chronic bronchitis’ occurs in a period of more than three months that continues in a period of two years (Copstead & Banasik, 2013, p. 483). The destruction of bronchial walls will result in dilation of airway sacs. The dilated sacs contain infected secretion from streptococcal and staphylococcal pneumonia, which can spread to nearby areas of the lungs such as other areas of the body and even to the brain.

This paper explores Pneumonia and the respiratory disease process associated with bacterial and viral pathogens most commonly located in the lung. The paper examines the process, symptoms and treatments most commonly viewed in patient cases of Pneumonia. My goal is to educate the reader and to warn of the

Viral sinuses takes 10 days to improve and the symptoms don’t get worse on the other hand a bacterial sinus does not have a set amount of days it’s defined by the duration of the symptoms. Fungal sinus is associated with chronic sinuses, this results because of weak immune systems or long term antibiotics (Casperen, 2015).

The overall treatment plan for pneumonia is medically based, “with the appropriate antibiotic almost always cures bacterial and mycoplasma pneumonia” (Lewis et al., 2014, p.664). “In addition to antibiotic therapy, supportive measures may be used, including oxygen therapy to treat hypoxemia, analgesics to relieve the chest pain for patient comfort, and antipyretics such as aspirin or acetaminophen for significantly elevated temperature” (Lewis et al., 2014, p. 664). In A.D’s case, she was started on Ceftriaxone 535mg every day by intravenous therapy and then switched to Amoxicillin 360mg by mouth every 8hours to facilitate discharge as her condition was improving. Also, the patient had 160mg of Tylenol every 4 to 6 hours as needed for any instances of a fever and was on 0.5L of oxygen via nasal prongs.

Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diagnoses encountered in a primary care setting. It affects millions of individuals resulting in significant impact on health of patients and health care industry. Studies have shown that 90% of times acute bronchitis is caused by a virus, yet health care providers are failing to treat or manage these patients with appropriate therapies (Knutson & Braun, 2002). The focus of this paper is to review the guidelines for treatment of acute bronchitis after differentiating acute bronchitis from other common respiratory disease in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications and patient education. Understanding the evaluation and treatment guidelines, nurse practitioners can provide evidence-based practice for patients with acute bronchitis.