Humans have different blood types that are called A, B, AB, and O. In addition to the four main blood types there are positive and negative types for each of the main blood types. This is determined from an antigen that is present on red blood cells called the Rh factor. In total there are 8 different blood types. Scientists identify these blood types by using different antigens, also called protein markers, that are on the surface of red blood cells in blood samples. The three different antigens that scientists use to identify the blood type are Antigen-A, Antigen-B and Antigen-Rh. In the body, antigens are recognized and attached to by antibodies. An antibody is a protein within the blood plasma that is used by the immune system to neutralize …show more content…
The antigen that is present in each blood type is different, which allows scientists to successfully determine blood types. For example, blood type A+ has antigen B; this means that if antigen-A or antigen Rh is added to the blood sample, being a foreign object, will cause it to clump or agglutinate. Forensic scientists use this technique to identify the blood type as the blood type is not affected by anything else such as disease, climate, living conditions, etc. This technique is performed by taking a blood sample and adding the three different antigens to it. By using blood type analysis, scientists are able to better study a case as they can eliminate individuals that do not own the blood type that was found at a crime scene. This allows them to move forward in their investigation and accurately solve a crime as they can identify the correct …show more content…
An easier method when analyzing hair samples is to use a microscope which has two steps. The first is to identify some characteristic features such as the root shape, cuticle scales, cortex color, medulla style, medulla thickens, medulla transparency, etc. Then these features would be compared to another hair of known origin. Hair grows out of the living cells in the epidermis – the outer layer of cells covering the head. The hair stays on the scalp due to the follicle that has arrector pili (associated muscles). One hair is composed of three different layers, the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla. The outer layer is a layer of scales called the cuticle. The cortex is the middle layer and makes up the majority of the hair mass. The innermost canal is the medulla which in humans can either be continuous or discontinuous. Pigments are absent from the cuticle but can be found in the other two layers. Due to hair growing from follicles in the skin, there are some materials that are occasionally incorporated into the making of the hair. This is very important in forensic science because hair analysis could answer questions that no other evidence may be able to give. For example, if a person were to be poisoned, some traces may be found within the hair sample, even after it has left any organs within the body of the victim. Hair sample analysis is also very important when
Patients’ blood types are determined through blood typing similar to the above experiment. To interpret table 1 above, blood sample 1, was concluded to be blood type A+, because, the blood sample 1 agglutinated with anti- A and anti- Rh antibodies, but no agglutination was formed for anti- B. This means that, blood sample 1 has both A and Rh surface antigens which clumped with the anti- A and anti-Rh antibodies. Synthetic blood sample 4 was concluded to be blood type B-, because, there was no agglutination
their blood type. The experimenters tested for the effect of different antiserums used on agglutination (clumping) to show the different blood types.The serums used were Anti-A Typing, Anti-B Typing, and Anti-Rh. Typing. Any agglutination showed a positive result for the serum, therefore agglutination for Anti-A Typing serum exhibited type A blood. A negative result for Anti-A Typing serum and Anti-B Typing serum exhibited type O blood. Agglutination for Anti-Rh serum showed Rh positive blood and
are traits that have more than two alleles for the gene. Human blood type is an example of multiple alleles. There are three possible alleles. A and B are codominant and O is recessive. There are four main blood types made up of these alleles. These are type A blood, type B blood, type AB blood, and type O blood. Type A’s possible genotypes are AA or AO. Type B’s possible genotypes are BB or BO. Type AB’s only possible genotype is AB. Type O’s only possible genotype is oo. The goal of this investigation
1967189505 Blood Typing Experiment There are four blood types found in humans. These are A blood type which has the genotype either AA or AO, B blood type which has the genotype either BB or BO, AB blood type which has the genotype AB, and O blood type which has the genotype OO. These genotypes show a combination of complete dominance and codominance. A and B traits are dominant to the recessive O trait, however, the A trait is codominant to the B trait. Each blood type codes for certain antigens
important to identify our blood type to determine what kind of antigen find at red blood cells surface. At the same time it helps to determine to whom you donate and receive blood, if it is mandatory. Two type of antigen, type A and type B. Both antigens type has unlike character. A blood type ABO categorization method use existence or nonappearance of type of A-antigen and B-antigen to categorize blood in to four types. There is another factor to determine your blood type to say whether positive
Blood Type Blood type is the type of blood a person has that is passed down from the parents. The goal of this experiment was to find out if all the children were Mr. Johnson’s. The guided question was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” This relates back to the background information because the group had to find the blood type of each child and relate it to Mr. Johnson’s blood type. The group started by testing the controls. The group then added two drops of a blood
total) Lab Activity 2 Insert a photo of the following marked on your shirt (use tape and labels or plastic instead of marking on your shirt). 1. The 4 corners of the heart (1 point each corner) and draw the outline of the heart (0.5 point). 2. The position of the heart valves (2 points). 3. Outline the aortic arch. (0.5 point) B. Part B. PowerPhys Experiment 4 – Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output (13 points total) Complete the experiment and save the PDF lab report. Do not
that negatively impact red blood cells. Some anemia conditions are so crippling that hospitalization and special medical treatment is the only way to get relief. Hemolytic anemia falls into this category. If you’ve been diagnosed with hemolytic anemia, and your condition is so acute that it makes holding down a job difficult, or impossible, you may be eligible for SSDI benefits. How do you qualify? In order to evaluate your need for benefits, SSA requires a laboratory report from a reputable doctor
Blood Glucose Lab Report & Analysis Diabetes, the chronic disease that affects the way the body produces and uses glucose, has affected millions of people worldwide for centuries. As of 2015, over 30.3 million Americans had diabetes, and over 7.2 million of these cases were undiagnosed. Each year 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes can occur in two different forms: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes, which usually is diagnosed during childhood, is a condition in which the
manner of death was natural. I determined this by using past labs and Anna's external autopsy examination. Through the 1.1.6 labs, I found that Alex's fingerprints were present along with Anna's hair, shoeprints, and Aspirin. Although Anna and Alex shared the same blood type, through restriction endonucleases and gel electrophoresis, I found that Anna's DNA was the exact same as the DNA found at the crime scene. Anna's external autopsy report stated that Anna had swelling in her abdomen and ankles, pre-mortem
attention was a 72-year-old male that suffers from diabetes. As he suffers from this disease, he has to see two doctors his primary care doctor and the endocrinologist. Both doctors wanted him to get some lab work. Later he realized that both doctors wanted the same test. He contacted the lab
When a crime scene technician is called to a scene they may have to do the following: • process fingerprints • take photographs of the crime scene • collect and list evidence at the scene such as weapons, blood, hair, etc. • must make notes on all evidence gathered so it can be taken to the crime lab for further analyzation There are many specialized areas of a crime scene technicians. The following are just a few of
Observing Bacteria and Blood Cynthia Alonzo, M.S. Version 42-0249-00-01 Lab Report Assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this
all, safe. some of these advisements were, but, are not limited to, the proper handwashing technique, (thoroughly washing under warmest water, tolerated, for twenty seconds), disinfection of work area before and after working, allowing for only the lab manual/book to be on area along with experiment and equipment. Having knowledge of this information will give me the tools to be a safe operator while in the in the laboratory ensuring my safety, along with others that may be present. Additionally,
scenes and blood of course you kinda have to love blood to do this type of work. A bloodstain pattern analysis is the interpretation of bloodstains at a crime scene in order to recreate the actions that caused the bloodshed. After you've seen the crime scene you have to give a blood report which is what type of weapon was used during this murder or altercation, you have to see if there is a blood trail to see where the body is or was and so see how far they travelled after after the hit. Blood spatter