Introduction: Multiple alleles are traits that have more than two alleles for the gene. Human blood type is an example of multiple alleles. There are three possible alleles. A and B are codominant and O is recessive. There are four main blood types made up of these alleles. These are type A blood, type B blood, type AB blood, and type O blood. Type A’s possible genotypes are AA or AO. Type B’s possible genotypes are BB or BO. Type AB’s only possible genotype is AB. Type O’s only possible genotype is oo. The goal of this investigation was to figure out which offsprings are Mr. Johnson's and which ones are Mr. Wilson's. The guiding question of this investigation was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” Through the information given about human blood types …show more content…
Johnson's. Methods: Before the investigation began, the group first put on gloves for safety purposes. To start the experiment the group decided to first test the know blood types. The blood types were type A, B, AB, and O. The known blood types served as the controls for the experiment. To test these blood types the group first got out a blood-typing slide. Next, the group put 2 drops of type A blood into both wells on the slide. Antiserum A was added to one well and antiserum B was added to the other well. These steps were repeated for each blood type. The group knew that if the well containing antiserum A (well A) did have clumps and the well containing antiserum B (well B) did not have clumps the blood type was A. If well A had no clumps and well B did have clumps then the blood type was B. If both wells had no clumps the blood type was O. If both wells did have clumps the blood type was AB. The group used the information about clumping to examine the known substances in order to have a better understanding of what each well for each blood type
The blood samples were put with Anti-A serum and Anti-B serum. The blood found at the scene clumped with Anti-B serum but not with Anti-A serum. Anna Garcia’s blood clumped with Anti-B and not with Anti-A serum. This means that Anna’s and the blood found found at the scene had Type-B blood. Alex Garcia’s blood sample clumped with Anti-B and and not with Anti-A, just like Anna Garcia’s and the blood from the scene.
While child 3 cannot be classified as either Mr.Johnson or Mr.Wilson’s child. When looking at the control blood samples, A blood type forms “clumps” when mixed with the A antigen, B blood type “clumps” when mixed with the B antigen, AB blood type “clumps” with both the A and B antigen, and O blood type does not “clump” with either antigen. To the right are the individuals’ sample trays. Looking at each individual’s blood samples, Mr.Johnson had A blood, Mr.Wilson had B blood, Child 1 had A blood, Child 2 had B blood, and Child 3 had O blood. This supports the claim because knowing Mrs.Johnson’s blood type is O means Mrs.Johnson has the genotype OO. Due to the individuals’ blood types it is known that Mr.Johnson has either the genotype AO or AA, Mr.Wilson has either the genotype BO or BB, Child 1 must have the genotype AO because Child 1 must have had an O trait from Mrs.Johnson, Child 2 must have the genotype BO because Child 1 must have had an O trait from Mrs.Johnson, and Child 3 must have the genotype OO because that is the only genotype for type O blood. When looking at the children’s genotypes it can be concluded that Child A must be Mr.Johnson’s child because it inherited an A trait which can only come from Mr.Johnson, Child 2 must be Mr.Wilson’s child because it had to inherit a B trait which can only come from Mr.Wilson, however Child 3 could come from either Mr.Johnson or Mr.Wilson depending on which individual has a genotype that can pass an O trait. It is not possible from this test to tell whether it is Mr.Wilson or Mr.Johnson that passed on the O trait. Every other research group agreed with our claim. Each group had come to the conclusion that Mr.Johnson was the father of one of the three children
To name the two major components of blood and state their average percentages in whole blood.
b. The blood type (e.g., Type A, B, AB, O) of a group of participants (Mode)
3. At this point, you are ready to begin the lab exercise. Click on the “Information” button on the blood
Type O: The genotype is OO. There are no A or B antigens on the blood cell. The antibodies in the blood plasma are A and
2. Can the student tell from the blood type if the student is heterozygous or homozygous? Explain. (5 points) Yes, knowing your blood type would
Blood type is the type of blood a person has that is passed down from the parents. The goal of this experiment was to find out if all the children were Mr. Johnson’s. The guided question was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” This relates back to the background information because the group had to find the blood type of each child and relate it to Mr. Johnson’s blood type.
We claimed that Mr. Johnson could possibly be related to one of his children, and this could be shown in a Punnett square with his blood type as one allele and Mrs. Johnson’s as the other. Same for Mrs. Johnson and Mr. Wilson. The father of child #1 cannot be determined because with either father the child could have type O blood. Child #2 can in no way be related to Mr. Johnson, because it has either type BB or BO blood, and Mr. Johnson has no B alleles in his blood type. Child #3 could possibly be related to Mr. Johnson because they have the same blood type possibilities, AA or AO. Therefore, our claim of Mr. Johnson possibly being related to at least one child is true, and our essential question, (Are Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?) has been sufficiently
The goal of this experiment is to determine the blood types of the samples given and to learn what interactions occurred to each blood type. Determining an individual’s blood type and how it reacts with Anti A, Anti-B, and Anti Rh serums played a crucial part in this experiment. The researcher concluded that agglutination (clumping) occurred in some of the blood samples. For example, Mr. Smith’s blood reacted with Anti-A and Anti-Rh serums (antibodies) allowing the researcher to determine the blood type is A. Mr. Jones’s blood reacted with Anti-B serum but it did not react to Anti-A or Anti Rh allowing the researcher to believe that the blood type is B. Mr. Green’s blood reacted with all serums and caused a reaction to occur resulting the blood type to be AB positive. Mr. Green’s blood also had a positive marker for Rh factor. However, Ms. Brown’s blood had no reaction at all and the researcher determined if no reaction occurred then the sample had no antigens but proved to have some antibodies, resulting in blood type to be O. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whose blood has type A, B, AB, or O.
The purpose of this experiment is to identify the different blood types through the antigen and antibody reaction by using the anti- A, Anti- B and Anti- Rh serums we will be able to identify the different blood types. We will also discuss how this can be used in the clinical setting of this blood typing procedure, by doing so we will know how antigens and antibodies relate to the blood typing procedure in the real world settings.
Then determine the ratios in which each of the character traits is found and also what possible genotypes the parents might be.(stallsmith)
When I stirred the first sample with each type of antiserum, the blood became cloudy and particles formed in it when the antisera-A and antisera-Rh were stirred in, so that showed a reaction. Because it reacted with only these two types of antiserum, that combination shows that the blood is AB Positive because of the combination of antibodies in the blood. AB Positive blood has both A and B antigens on the red blood cells, but neither A or B antibodies on the plasma. For the second sample, I stirred in all three serums and the blood reacted with Anti-B and Anti-Rh. Because it reacted with these two serums, it shows that the blood has the combination of antibodies that make it type B Positive. This means that there are B antigens on the red blood cells, but A and B antibodies are in the plasma. For the third sample, I stirred in all three types of serum, and it did not react with any of the serums. All three serums resulted in clear, red blood that was not cloudy with no particles formed. When this happens, it shows that the blood is O Negative because it did not react with any of the antibody-stimulating serums. This means that there are neither A or B antigens in the red blood cells, but both A or B antibodies in the plasma. For the fourth sample, I stirred all the serums in to the sample. It became cloudy when the Anti-A serum was stirred in, but the other two
The pairs of alternative traits examined segregated among the progeny of a particular cross, some individuals exhibiting one traits, some the other
The blood grouping systems commonly used include the ABO system that was first described by Karl Landsteiner. The discovery of blood grouping systems helped to avoid unnecessary death emanating from blood transfusion. The basics of blood grouping systems lie behind the inheritance of genes. The possession and inheritance of blood groups attribute to the parents who combine alleles responsible for the blood groups. The parents thus play a pivotal role in determining the blood groups of the offspring. This paper will work towards the discussion of inheritance of human blood groups.