Bio Gas from Spent Wash

Identified wastes in the current processes using the seven wastes as a guide to what should be looked for. The question was asked, “Why did this waste occur?” and, “What can be done to prevent it?”.

The renewable energy that the Georges produced through the bio-gas is set up to offset the farm's electricity use and/or sell the power at wholesale rates to the local utility. In the article it stated that the change to bio-gas results in less odor-causing compounds in manure in a liquid storage system and the breaking down of manure in the digester changes the organic nitrogen into ammonium which is when spread on the fields it’ll become more readily available when consumed by the plants allowing for less nutrient runoff. Also reduces weeds appearing in the fields causing less weeds growing with crops. Another great thing about the digestion process it also reduces methane, a greenhouse gas, emissions (basically global warming) which would otherwise remain in the atmosphere for 9 to 15

The industry can be very susceptible to environmental issues together with other manufacturers. With the advent of campaigns toward saving the environment and “going green”, the society is now more concerned with how the industry’s wastes and other by-products are being managed. Using recycled materials and recycling one’s wastes can affect the industry’s over-all image as an environmental advocate.

Majority of the data available online is either too biased or not peer reviewed and hence misleading to the readers. Natural gas is a very valuable resource and can be combined with engineering innovations to vastly improve human life. For instance, natural gas can help enhance energy efficiency by making the methane and ethane conversion process more effectual and economic. Also, natural gas can be used to generate hybrid high-temperature fluids for cleaner sources of energy such as solar thermal as well as natural gas powered systems for effective cooling and heating applications.3 In this age of technology, it is extremely important to discover ways to augment the potential of natural gas while taking the environmental implications into consideration. Sustainable ways should be developed to generate cleaner and more efficient energy while still embracing the economics benefits of the industry. While considering economic benefits of the hydraulic fracturing industry, it is also of utmost importance to consider those who are residing in areas of current or future shale gas operations for detrimental effects to their health and

The issues in this case revolve around the launch of a mini-oxidation product which will solve global clean water issues. Their filtration unit has already experienced two failures in the launch of this product. Vyas, the business manager of this unit, is convinced that the unit can be turned around by innovativeness. He revives an abandoned oxidation technology and recommends his team to develop a small-scale oxidation system with the capacity of disinfecting waste-water in small batches. While the market analysis of the product proved promising, marketing the product was a tussle and it failed due to defects in the design and lack of interest in the market. Through a three-phased process recommended by Cynthia Jackson, Vyas team was

On the basis of optimum temperature and the temperature span in which the microorganisms are able to grow and metabolize they are classified into ‘temperature classes’. These classes are: (a) Mesophiles, (b) Thermophiles and (c) Psychrophiles. Temperature is one of the most important factor that influences the anaerobic digestion (AD). Many researches have been performed to evaluate the pros and cons of mesophilic, thermophilic and psychrophilic modes of sludge anaerobic digestion. Generally, sewage sludge is more widely treated by mesophilic anaerobic digestion compared to thermophilic digestion. Anaerobic psychrophiles have merely been found in the natural ecosystems that’s why we have little information about psychrophilic anaerobic reactors

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a thick brown liquid with fine suspended solids at pH between 4 and 5 and highly contaminating wastewater directly and indirectly contaminates the environment. The chemical properties of POME differ widely through the year because of mill operations and seasonal cropping. Atmospheric methane concentration increased by 30% in the last 25 years. Net carbon emission from POME is approximately 1.4 x 106 tons per year. Assuming a mean annual increase of 29% as experienced from 1990 to 2004, the estimated CH4 gas emission may be 0.502 x 106 tons in the year 2020. Certified emission reduction (CER) can be attained by using methane gas as a renewable energy. At high organic loadings or at natural environment temperatures,

Natural gas resources offer an opportunity to access relatively clean fossil fuel that from the outside seems to be a perfectly viable option for environmental sustainability. More specifically, hydraulic fracturing make the extraction of natural gas from shale formations economically feasible for essentially every country that possesses these shale formations. However, these means of acquiring natural gases are not free from environmental risks, especially those related to regional water quality, wastewater discharge into wells, and accidental spills. Aside from the environmental impacts there are also impacts to human health and also a growing concern globally with people of around the world weighing in on the problem.

Hotels require meticulous upkeep and cleanliness in order to keep up with guests’ concerns and demand. As a result, cleaning and waste products, and their disposal have become a main issue as hotels attempt to participate in

Hazaribagh area is an unplanned area where leather processing industries have begun to develop from 1950s. Due to the rapid expansion of these industries since 1950s and their untreated toxic effluent discharge, it has a measurable impact on the living environment of

The disposal of untreated wastewater coming from the industries into the water bodies will pollute the water bodies because of its high concentrations. So, the wastewater produced from the industry should be treated properly to meet the permissible limits given by central and state pollution control boards. Therefore it is necessary to treat the wastewater properly with the help of an appropriate treatment plant. However, the treatment plant even though properly planned may not work satisfactory because of several reasons. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the treatment plant considering individual treatment unit in the entire treatment flow. In the present work emphasis has been given to the study of the performance of treatment facilities because of its importance in the conventional treatment of wastewater. Hence, the literature review related to the evaluation of the entire treatment process along with biological treatment process particularly suspended growth process Activated Sludge Process (ASP), attached growth process Trickling Filter (TF) and a combination of the both suspended and attached growth process Hybrid Reactor (HR) is presented in the following sections of this chapter.

This report provides analysis and evaluation of a newly designed wastewater treatment facility for Sand Valley, Nevada. Analysis will include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) along with total, volatile, and fixed suspended solids. Methods for analysis will include the Winkler Test for BOD and a Hatch test for the suspend solids.

From researching the most important parameters it has shown that all parameters are linked together in turn affecting each other and in turn affecting the AD efficiency. An AD system should be operated carefully controlled and closely monitored so to create optimal conditions for the bacteria to grow, these factors should be considered when designing and operating the digester. For the two main digestion process mesophilic and thermophilic it was found that different values are required for certain parameter such as temperature and pH values which depends mainly on the feedstock used in the AD process, from researching different reports there are no specific set figures for the values of the parameters as they vary slightly from report to report and depends on the use and desired outcome of the AD process. Parameters such as volatile solids, nutrients & toxics and carbon to nitrogen ratio show the importations of monitoring the mixture of feedstock in the digester and feedstock being fed into the digester

Biomass hydrolysis, cellulase production and ethanol fermentation which are in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) process is carried out in a single reactor [17]. Besides, in order to ferment cellulose directly to ethanol, monoculture or co-culture of microorganisms are commonly used. The capital investment is not required for purchasing enzyme or its production. However, due to low ethanol yields and long fermentation period, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is stated as non-efficient process.

Again, much like other small hydro projects, there is a rack at the inlet of the penstock to prevent debris from entering. However, these projects are somewhat unique in their approach to disposing of this waste. All biowaste is used to make compost, while all plastic bottles and de- bris are recycled [6]. Additionally, the