The purpose of this essay is to apply the four steps of battle analysis to evaluate a historical battle using intellectual standards and the elements of reasoning to provide an alternate outcome for the Chosin Reservoir Campaign, which took place during the Korean War. The alternate outcome will be based upon different factors, to include the utilization of intelligence assets and how the alteration might have changed the actual outcome. I will start this essay with an introduction, review the setting, and compare the principle antagonists. Then, I will describe the prelude to the campaign, summarize the battle and discuss varying views of perception on victory. Afterwards, I will assess the significance of the action and derive the lessons …show more content…
The primary target of the 9th PVA was the 1st Marine Division, which proved to be capable of breaking the countless waves of Chinese combatants. Combined with freezing winter temperatures and improper clothing, the Chinese forces were in a great disadvantage. The Chinese forces were successful in driving out the UN forces from North Korea, but the US forces did not suffer the magnitude of losses that were inflicted on the Chinese. Additionally, although the US forces maintained the strength to fight again, it is difficult to claim victory in retreat. Due to their lack of accurate intelligence, the Chinese focused to take the strongest down first by targeting the 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team 31, rather than the Marines. If the Chinese had more accurate intelligence via HUMINT and/or CI and attacked the Marines during the CRC, the outcome may have been different. By properly utilizing HUMINT and/or CI assets, it is probable that the Chinese may have targeted the Marines, rather than focusing their initial attack on the 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team 31. To elaborate, the Chinese would have acquired accurate intelligence if they used their HUMINT and CI assets to properly assess operational strength levels of each enemy unit, by implementing assets to conduct reconnaissance and espionage operations. After conducting effective, intensive reconnaissance and espionage operations, the …show more content…
The CRC is a battle that claims to have given Chinese a pyrrhic victory over the UN forces, during the Korean War. Many who analyze this battle would claim that the UN forces successfully accomplished their mission, by withdrawing from the Chinese forces with minimal personnel loss. However, when you look at this battle in different perspectives, it is difficult to say that the US had the strategic and operational advantage to reign victorious over the Chinese. Additionally, by analyzing the flaws made by the Chinese during the CRC, it is apparent that the US should properly prepare and assess the area of operations, consider the importance in firepower and technological superiority, and effectively utilize every intelligence asset available to assess the enemy’s strengths and weaknesses. Although there are countless variables to consider, to have the battlefield advantage over the enemy, if we properly analyze previous battles fought by varying countries and apply the lessons learned from each battle, I am confident that the US will reign victorious over any enemy
“Colder Than Hell: A Marine Rifle Company at Chosin Reservoir” is a memoir written by Joseph R. Owen, a lieutenant of Baker Company, 1st Battalion, 7th Regiment. Lt. Owen narrates his experience as an officer in the Korean War, in an attempt to show the public what war is from a soldier's point of view. Readers are shown what sacrifices soldiers have to make during times of war, they are shown the experience of war through a different pair of eyes. The Chosin action is justly called majestic; and in this memoir, Lieutenant Owen tells the tale of the common men who made it so. Joseph informs the public about the experiences of the 7th Marine Regiment and the tragic end of the Chosin Reservoir where many Marines lost their lives. He shows us what sacrifices a soldier must make for his country, and he helps readers understand the impact of war on a man. The memoir was an extraordinarily detailed and realistic account of war, allowing the public to read the tale and enjoy not only a thrilling retelling of Chosin Reservoir, but also a memoir
On November 27 through December 13, 1950, the Battle of Chosin Reservoir was a decisive battle in the Korean War. The battle was fought over some of the roughest terrain during some of the harshest winter weather conditions of the Korean War (Appleman, p24). Major General Olive P. Smith, commander of the US 1st Marines Division, used proper mission command
The Battle of Bemis Heights was the second battle of what is commonly referred to as the Battle of Saratoga. “The Battle of Saratoga is one of the fifteen most decisive battles in the history of the world” (Creasy, 1851). This paper will provide an in depth battle analysis of the Battle of Bemis Heights and explain why the battle had such an impact. First, the paper will define the battle in terms of who was involved, when the battle was fought, and where the battle took place. Next, the setting of the battle will be examined and the opposing forces will be compared. The third thing will be a description of the action that occurred to include the opening moves, key events, the outcome, and the effects the outcome had on the overall result of the American Revolutionary War. The last thing to be addressed in this paper will be a possible alternative outcome to the battle.
In the mountainous Shah-i-Khot region south of the city of Gardez in Eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda took place early March 2002. Operation Anaconda, to this day, stands as the largest reported ground action in the Afghan war. This 17-day battle led to eight U.S. casualties and over 50 wounded. Operation Anaconda is viewed as a success due to coalition forces being able to kill and root out several hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, which left U.S. and coalition forces in control of the Shah-i-Khot Valley. Originally intended to be a three-day battle with light resistance, a seven-day battle ensued with intense fighting and was finally
In the following sections, the author explains how “Search and Destroy Strategy” uses the soldiers as bait to attract the enemies. Soldiers were dehumanized by basic training, proceeding by American’s war strategy. Appy also explains that the helicopters were useless to locate the enemies in thick terrains. As the war progresses, the soldiers have little idea whether they were dealing with their enemies or the defenseless civilians. Formulate rules of engagement offers
The Battle of Chipyong-ni was a decisive battle during the Korean War and the first major victory following the entry of the Chinese into the war. COL Freeman employed the following principles of mission command during the battle of Chipyong-ni: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, use of mission orders, exercise disciplined initiative, and accept prudent risk. He was an outstanding leader who knew the value of good communication with his unit. He led by example, and fostered a climate that allowed his subordinates to excel.
The Battle of the Chosin Reservoir was a pivotal battle in the Korean War. The battle was a brutal 17 day fight in bitterly cold weather fought from 27 November to 13 December 1950. [1] During the battle the United States X Corps was attacked by the Chinese 9th Army in the vicinity of the Chosin reservoir. The Chinese forces quickly surrounded the US troops and forced them to fight a retrograde attack in order to fight their way out to friendly lines to the south. Due to poor Chinese intelligence on UN forces and logistical shortcomings the UN forces were able to evade total annihilation and were able to retreat to safety with the majority of their men and equipment intact.
This complicated war full of bloodshed and death started merely by an assault of a Confederate left flank. Deemed the single most deadly day in American military history, the Union (who had more men) swept many attacks towards the Confederate army. Even though the South had more spirit and useful tactics the sheer numbers of the Union made this battle one to remember. They fought for many hours in Miller's cornfield to then make a last stand at Antietam Creek. With the only sign of cover being trees and the stone bridge which was worn by bullets and bodies you could tell this fight was going to be bad. The Union captured the bridge and with a final push and counter attack from another Union division the Union were victorious and were another
The Korean War is known by many as “The Forgotten War”, and as such, specific unit
The landing at Inchon during the Korean War was a strategic turning point for the securing of the southern Korean capital of Seoul. Had it not been for mission planning, strategic preparation, and valuable intelligence gathering by the Army, Air Force, Marines, and Navy, the Battle of Inchon would not have been a success. If
The purpose of this paper is to examine a historical battle utilizing the four steps of battle analysis to provide an alternate outcome. This paper will define the battle, review the settings, describe the actions, and assess the significance of the actions for Operation Ivory Coast. Furthermore, this paper will relate the causes and effects of essential elements critical to the tactical success and mission failure of Operation Ivory Coast. Ultimately, all contributing factors will coalesce into lessons learned from the operation that are still applicable to this day.
The U.S military troops had a very hard time trying to find their enemy. One of the worst
Clausewitz’s attack of enemy centers of gravity and Sun Tzu’s prioritization of attack of important elements of national power provide contrasting approaches to the development of effective strategy. These contrasts are reflections of each author’s perspective on how war should be waged, the proper use of force, their definitions of the ideal victory and how best to achieve that victory as well as their methodologies,
The US and SV were very disadvantaged. They had difficulty with the languages of the different races, where as the VC had no language problems. They also had difficulty in actually recognising the enemy, as the guerrillas dressed like civilians.
The notion of an American way of war informs how scholars, policymakers, and strategists understand how Americans fight. A way of war—defined as a society’s cultural preferences for waging war—is not static. Change can occur as a result of important cultural events, often in the form of traumatic experiences or major social transformations. A way of war is therefore the malleable product of culturally significant past experiences. Reflecting several underlying cultural ideals, the current American way of war consists of three primary tenets—the desire for moral clarity, the primacy of technology, and the centrality of scientific management systems—which combine to create a preference for decisive, large-scale conventional wars with clear objectives and an aversion to morally ambiguous low-intensity conflicts that is relevant to planners because it helps them address American strategic vulnerabilities.