Basel Capital Accord

Basel III is a global comprehensive collection of restructured regulatory standards on bank capital adequacy and liquidity. It was developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of the banking sector (bis.org, 2010). It introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage in response to the financial downturn caused by the Global Financial Crisis. Stefan Walter, Secretary General of the Basel Committee on banking supervision said in November 2010:

The American Banking system has always focused on order, resiliency and the ability to withstand the storm. When comparing banking systems, it is required analyze both the strengths and the weaknesses of each system. While examining the American banking system, a key strength that is presented is the pride if its resiliency, “these improvements in the resiliency of the banking system have been reinforced by a series of key capital and liquidity rules that have been enacted in the United States, including the Basel III capital and liquidity frameworks as adopted in more stringent form” (The State of American Banking).

To address this deficiency, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) proposed the post-crisis regulatory capital framework - Basel III, aimed to improve both the quantity and quality of banking organisations regulatory capital and to build additional capacity for loss absorbency into the banking system to withstand markets and economic shocks (BCBS). The importance of capital to a banking organisation cannot be overemphasised, the amount of capital held by a bank determine: (i) the level risk the bank can enter into. (ii) Loss absorbency capacity. (III) The profitability level. (iv) The cost of fund. (v) Investors' confidence, and (vi) the going - concern of the bank. It is vital that banking organisations are able to maintain a balance between their capital risk portfolios. As a result, banks tend to adjust their balance sheet components to achieve an internally set capital

Financial crisis has been regarded as one of the most important issues in recent years, especially after the previous financial crisis during 2007-2009. As the impact of the financial crisis is growing, the way to restrain and prevent the financial crisis has become the main research direction. This essay is going to analysis the improvement of the financial market, thereby preventing and suppressing the occurrence of the financial crisis. Firstly, the background of the financial crisis will be introduced. Secondly, the main contributing factors of the financial crisis in 2008 are going to be discussed, for example, subprime mortgage problem, financial innovation problems, credit rating agencies problem within financial market. Thirdly, the role and influence of the Basel Accords are going to be analyzed, particularly looking at changes of capital adequacy through Basel I, II, and III. In the end, the relationship between Basel Accords and financial crisis are going to be explored, going through the Basal Accord’s impact on the financial market. Some of the main points of this essay are going to be summarized in the conclusion such as Basel Accords are helpful for stabilization of the financial market.

Basel III is a set of proposed changes to international capital and liquidity requirements and some other related areas of banking supervision. It is the second major revision to an original set of rules, now known as Basel I, which was promulgated by the Basel Committee in 1988. The committee was established in the mid‐1970’s, after the failure of a small German bank (Herstatt) sent shudders through the global financial system as a result of poor coordination between national regulators. The Basel Committee is composed of banking regulators from a number of industrialized countries, with a core membership concentrated in the traditional banking powers within Europe, plus the US and

In practice, Basel III is an international regulatory accord that introduced a set of reforms designed to improve the regulation, supervision and risk management within the banking sector. A focus of Basel III is to foster greater resilience at the individual bank level in order to

There is a vast amount of literature available on the additional procyclicality of regulatory capital charges in Pillar 1 of Basel II. In this section, we shall briefly visit this literature and see if any conclusions can be drawn from this, before proceeding to the conclusion and mitigation of these procyclical effects. The majority of the literature, as expected, focuses primarily on the IRB approach, as this aspect of Basel II has drawn the most criticism from financial practitioners and academics alike. The greater part of this literature has found that there is an overwhelmingly substantial rise in procyclicality of minimum regulatory capital charges originating

Banks in India have traditionally been saddled with very high Non-Performing Assets. Banks burdened with huge NPA’s faced uphill tasks in recovering then due to archaic laws and procedures. Realizing the gravity of the situation the government was

The Low capital base of the banks called in for some serious changes in the regulatory and financial laws of the country. This called for the Basel norms which determine the adequacy of the banks liquid assets

The creation of the Basel Accords was the result of bilateral negotiations between Britain and the U.S. in the early 1980s, which were later expanded to involve the G10 nations (France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada). Basel I was born out of those negotiations and was viewed as the first international attempt to govern financial globalization and to re-establish “the infrastructure of the infrastructure” of world order. Since its implementation, Basel I has been now adopted into the national finance system, and become domestic law, of more than 100 countries. It is considered “one of the most successful international regulatory initiatives ever attempted.” In other words, the standards set forth in Basel I have taken the position of a set of global standard. Its successor—Basel II—was not as fortunate. The second, more

Economists throughout the world have agreed that there is a need of regulation of the financial system in its entirety. This is because, as the financial crisis from 2008 has shown, the micro orientated regulation measures do not suffice. They neglect the build-up of systemic risk and the interconnections within the financial system, which have shown to lead to the amplification of the effects of shocks. Therefore, as a complement to the microprudential framework, a new type of regulation tools is being developed- macroprudential. It aims to prevent the accumulation of systemic risk and improve the stability of the financial system.

The Basel III proposals by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) specified minimum capital and liquidity requirements that should reduce chances of banking crises in the future. However, meeting these standard requirements can reduce banks’ profitability and entail additional costs.

The financial instability of the past few years has provided important evidence that can be used for the detection of dangerous flaws in the international banking system. After the financial crisis of 2008- 2009, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision made significant steps in improving understanding the key supervisory issues and improvement of banking regulation worldwide. Subsequently, new standards were created for banking system regulation, which represents upgraded capital requirements, liquidity norms, and additional monitoring tools for banking supervision and regulation. These standards were first established in 2009 by the BCBS though some of the Committee’s proposals remain currently open for discussion.

The Indian banking sector has unprecedented growth along with remarkable improvement in its quality of assets and efficiency since economic liberalization began in the early 1991s. This project is about equity research in banking sector In accounting

The global financial crisis has raised many concerns for the need to restructure the approach of risk and regulation in the financial sector (KPMG 2011). Figure. 4 has shown the structures of Basel III. It aims to increase the capital and liquidity of banks and therefore maintaining the stability in banking sector with full effect in 2019 (Banks For International Settlements 2011).