Autonomy In Health Care Debate

Through the provisions in this act citizens will be able to receive several benefits including: “the ban on discriminating against individuals with pre-existing conditions, government subsidies for individuals who cannot afford health care, an individual mandate requiring Americans to hold health care unless it violates their religious principles or is excessively expensive even after subsidies, a ban on lifetime limits on essential medical services, and insurance exchanges where citizens can pick amongst a variety of health plans offered by private insurers that must meet certain government criteria for quality and affordability” (Schimmel, 2). Even though this act was passed, it remains highly contested right with only five out of nine Supreme Court judges upholding its constitutionality (Schimmel,

“Egoism is the normative idea that each person ought to pursue his or her own self-interest exclusively” (Rachels 77). In other words, what makes one’s actions moral is if they are acting in their own self-interest only. It is the radical view that states that one’s only duty is to promote one’s own self-interest. This theory does not suggest that one should act in their own interest as well as others best interest, but, according to Rachels, there is only one principle to follow and that

In order to completely understand the extent of its unconstitutionality, it is important to look at its origins and its constitutional challenges. The first government endeavor into health care was when “Medicaid and Medicare were created [by] President Lyndon B. Johnson… on July 30, 1965” (“What is Medicare”). These two programs were mostly used as a social safety net, and didn’t affect the general public. “On March 22, 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act” (ABC-CLIO). With the Affordable Care Act came the controversial Individual Mandate. The Individual Mandate of the Affordable Care Act is the portion of the bill that forces individuals to purchase health insurance, or face a penalty. This immediately triggered challenges to not only repeal the law, but also to

If this bill becomes a law Americans will have to obtain health insurance since there is a clause in the bill that would mandate them to do so. The consequences of not obtaining health insurance and violating the clause could result in penalties, fines, and even jail time. But some states are using Police Power as a weapon stating that “States wield what is called police power: the authority to make laws for the health, safety and morality of their people. The federal government, on the other hand, has limited jurisdiction. If the Constitution does not grant a specific power to the federal government, then the 10th Amendment reserves it to the states or the people (Klukowski, Ken).” The government is in no position to make an individual purchase a service. If we compare the PPACA with car insurance, which is required, there is a big argument as to why the government is mandating health insurance. In the case of car insurance, by the act of driving you have other people lives in your hands in the sense that if you get in an accident someone could result dead. Car insurance requirement makes sense because you are and other are covered in case of an accident. Then it get even more justifiable to mandate car insurance because an individual may chose to drive while under the influence an hurt someone, then it makes a lot of sense that people should not be out there driving without protection. But even in the case of auto

Despite all the benefits The Affordable Care Act gives to people, some people believe this law is socialism, and unlawfully forces people to buy health insurance. In 1935 FDR passed Social Security; his critics called this “creeping socialism”. If Social Security were true socialism, no one would pay into it, and retirees would just collect taxpayers money. The same applies for

Opponents majority who are affiliated to Republican Party hold the idea that the law is designed to “destroy everything in America” with the main aim of fulfilling rather ‘sick’ “biblical End Times prophecy”. Another major objection is the fact that the ACT was designed and meant to affect around 50 million Americans who at the time prior to its enactment had not subscribed to any health insurance.2 The notion that some people especially those who were already

The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) is a healthcare program created by president Obama’s administration. The goal of the Affordable Care Act is to make sure every United States citizen has health insurance. The Affordable Care Act provides “affordable” health insurance plans to citizens that do not have any and make about $15,000 a year. While the idea of providing health insurance to the millions of American’s that cannot afford it is great, everything comes at a cost. According to Emily Miller, Obamacare is causing people’s health insurance premiums to rise by around 1 to 9 percent (Miller 15-15). Not only are insurance premiums rising, but ever since the Supreme Court declared the Affordable Care Act constitutional approximately 20 tax hikes have been approved (Battersby). All the aforementioned reasons are helping pay for Obamacare. Although providing health insurance for people that cannot afford it is important, the Affordable Care Act should be revoked because it will hurt the economy.

In today’s ever-changing healthcare delivery that uses patient as centered model there are issues concerning the understanding autonomy in the nurse-patient relationship. Autonomy is view as a relevant element in providing advanced nursing care to the patients, and improving the health outcomes. There are unclear descriptions in the literature about what the autonomy may be in the nursing context which results in conflicts and rejections of patient’s adherence to the care plans.(McParland et al., 2000, p. 512) ). It is relevant to distinguish that in the nursing discipline autonomy encompasses two types; personal autonomy as well as professional autonomy exercised by the nurse.(Skar, 2010, p. 2226) Therefore, developing an operational definition of autonomy helps development of autonomous nursing practice but also of the nursing discipline. The purpose of this concept analysis based on Walker and Avant concept analysis process is to establish a better understanding of autonomy in the nursing practice.

The implementation of the individual mandate on health care gives the United States federal government unlimited powers. The policy is obviously unconstitutional, and it shows that the Supreme Court ignored the facts and allowed the government to misinterpret constitutional powers. The individual mandate allows Congress to use legislative powers that are not given to them in Article l of the Constitution.

Obamacare may be one of the most debatable topics at the moment ever since 2010. For those who are still confused on what Obamacare is and how it works is understandable and common amongst Americans. Obamacare is also known as the Affordable Care Act. It can be summed up as a law that ensures every American has access to health insurance that is affordable and within their budget. This is done by offering people discounts on government-sponsored health insurance plans, and by expanding the Medicaid assistance program so they include more people who can’t afford health care. In order for someone to qualify for Obamacare they must have an insurance plan that covers at least ten essential services that pertain

The United States of America is a country that signifies freedom, liberty, and justice for all, but unfortunately over years our government has degraded this country and what it stands for. The Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, also known as Obama Care and Affordable Care Act, force all Americans to have health insurance or they will be assessed a penalty fine which some view as an illegal tax. It was the view point which was the basis of a case that went before the Supreme Court arguing against Obama Care. Unfortunately for some the ruling was against the “tax” based suit. The ACA has been a means by which to set boundaries and take control of us citizens by controlling their choices for their own health care. In my opinion Obama Care contradicts our constitution and everything that our service men and women have fought for to make this country great: freedom of choice. Since this bill has been passed the cost of health insurance and premiums have more than doubled. For some, sufficient health care has diminished; work hours have been cut (by many small businesses to save them from the financial burden of supplying government health insurance) leaving many in need of work, and have increased the amount of debt this country is in by trillions. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also known as Obama Care will continue to suppress the quality of our health care system in the United States if it remains a law. It is our duty as US Citizens to get the

Nursing is an all encompassing profession in which practitioners are not only proficient in technical medical functionality, they also have the obligation to remain compassionate and respectful of patients and as such are expected to adhere to pre established codes of ethics. Of these ethics, autonomy is of extreme importance as it offers patients a sense of personal authority during a time where they may feel as if their lives, or at the very least their health, is no longer under their control. Autonomy in the context of nursing allocates the patient and often their family with the final word on the course of treatment. The concept of patient autonomy is a highly variable subject in all fields of health care. It is a universal concept that varies widely in its meaning and interpretation. Autonomy in its simplest form can be defined as a state of independence or self governing (Atkins, 2006). Patient autonomy can also be defined as the ability to make once own decisions, based on one’s sound judgment. It is defined by the American Nurses Association (ANA, 2011) as the "agreement to respect another 's right to self determine a course of action; support of independent decision making." This seemingly straight forward ethical concept is rife with difficulties when one considers potential disagreements that may arise even when informed consent is provided, particularly among children or vulnerable people. Relevant research and

Obamacare, officially called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Plan, is reforming the healthcare industry and the American health care system: Even though this reform was developed to give America and more rights and protections within the healthcare system, many are saying it is taking their rights within the healthcare system away. The healthcare reform is said it will help tens of millions who are uninsured but many Americans are seeing Obamacare as a threat related to having the government force them into purchasing insurance or paying a penalty for not having insurance. “The law requires all Americans have health insurance by 2014 (or pay a per month fee for each month without minimum essential coverage). Although this shared responsibility provision is unofficially called an individual mandate, it was ruled to be in fact a tax and not a mandate by the June 28, 2012 Supreme court ruling.” (http://obamacarefacts.com/obamahealthcare-summary/, 2015). A total of 54% of Americans in a recent poll say they are against

Individualism-> when you value the freedom and worth of the individual, sometimes over the security and harmony of the group or a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence

Egoism: is a theory of ethics that focuses on achieving goals that benefit or brings pleasure or greatest good to oneself. In other words it focuses on self-interest, however egoism is opposite to Altruism, which is not strictly based on self-interest, but also includes the interest of others. There are two kinds of Egoism; Ethical Egoism, Psychological Egoism.