CHAPTER 1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.2What qualities must an ‘assurer’ have in order for you to feel that their statement has high credibility?
An assurer must have the knowledge and expertise to assess the truth and fairness of the information being presented by the preparers. Auditors of financial reports need to be trained accountants with detailed knowledge about the complex technical accounting and disclosure issues required to assess the choices made by the financial report preparers. When undertaking an audit, the auditor should use professional scepticism, professional judgement and due care.
Auditors should be independent of the client. Independent auditors have no incentives to aid the entity in presenting their results
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The emphasis of matter paragraph is included in the audit report immediately after the opinion paragraph.
An emphasis of matter paragraph draws the attention of the reader to an issue that the auditor believes has been adequately and accurately explained in a note to the financial report. The purpose of the paragraph is to ensure that the reader pays appropriate attention to the issue when reading the financial report. The audit report remains unqualified and the user of the financial report can still rely on the information contained in the financial report (ASA 706; ISA 706).
The emphasis of matter paragraph is not used when the entity has not disclosed the issue in its report. The auditor can use an ‘other matter’ paragraph to introduce another matter that the auditor believes should be disclosed.
The usual circumstance which would warrant an Emphasis of Matter paragraph in the auditor’s report is the existence of a significant uncertainty, the resolution of which may materially affect the financial report.
From ASA 706:
A1. Examples of circumstances where the auditor may consider it necessary to include an Emphasis of Matter paragraph are:
- An uncertainty relating to the future outcome of exceptional litigation or regulatory action.
- Early application (where permitted) of a new accounting standard (for example, a new Australian Accounting Standard) that has a pervasive effect on the financial report in advance of
al, 2012, p. 214). Therefore, a material misstatement may not be detected during the audit. In addition, the audit may not detect errors under the materiality level, whether resulting from error, fraud, or misappropriation of assets. Anderson, Olds, and Watershed may decline to express an opinion or issue a report if the firm is unable to complete the audit for any reason.
The auditor needs to state explicitly whether the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, and this may be GAAP or IFRS.
The requirements of the applicable financial reporting framework relevant to accounting estimates, including related disclosures
The auditor should consider planning materiality. When a financial statement account exceeds the planning materiality, that account should be considered significant for both the audit of internal control over financial reporting and the financial statement audit. The more the account exceeds planning materiality, the greater it should be considered significant.
Highlight [yellow] the specific evidence used in the body paragraphs. Is each piece of evidence integrated with a signal phrase and in-text/parenthetical citation? Make a note if it does not.
material, but don’t really affect the financial statements then the opinion given by the auditor may be a qualified opinion with explanations; if the limitations are so material that the financial
d. “The auditor's reliance on substantive tests to achieve an audit objective related to a particular assertion may be derived from tests of details, from analytical procedures, or from a combination of both. The decision about which procedure or procedures to use to achieve a particular audit objective is based on the auditor's judgment on the expected effectiveness and efficiency of the available procedures. For significant risks of material misstatement, it is unlikely that audit evidence obtained from substantive analytical procedures alone will be sufficient (PCAOB, AS 2305.09).”
Paragraph 2: A paragraph description of your shocking solution. (This is like the paragraph in
This frequently puts the auditor in the position, in effect, of deciding whether a company is able to obtain the funds it needs to continue operating. Thus, the auditor’s qualification tends to be a self-fulfilling prophecy. The auditor’s expression of uncertainty about the company’s ability to continue may contribute to making it a certainty.
It is emphasized two disclosure criteria related to the nature and the amounts of the potential income tax consequences in paragraph 82A.
Accounting employees have a duty to be forthright and truthful when interacting with the independent auditors, and
• Directing appropriate attention to the different areas of the audit such as assessing materiality, so that when the detailed audit plan is prepared, audit procedures can be directed towards the material amounts.
According to AS 3, Paragraph A8 “good audit documentation improves the quality of the work performed in many ways, including, for example:
.01 This section provides guidance on communications between predecessor and successor auditors when a change of auditors is in process or has taken place. It also provides communications guidance when possible misstatements are discovered in financial statements reported on by a predecessor auditor. This section applies whenever an independent auditor is considering accepting an engagement to audit or reaudit (see paragraph
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued for public comment two Exposure Drafts related to its disclosure framework project. The first exposure draft proposes amendments to Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts - Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, Chapter 3 – Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information. The purpose of this proposed amendment is to clarify the concept of “materiality”. FASB defines materiality as, information is material if omitting it or misstating it could influence decisions that users make on the basis of the financial information of a specific reporting entity. In other words, materiality is an entity-specific aspect of relevance based on the nature or magnitude or both of the items to which the information relates in the context of an individual entity’s financial report. Consequently, the Board cannot specify a uniform quantitative threshold for materiality or predetermine what could be material in a particular situation.