Ap Euro Ch. 21

Britain was the first in the industrial revolution, because they have sufficient resources and have an unusual movement in agriculture, trade, and manufacturing. Also, high efficiency and resources led to increased transportation; population transfer to cities, which is increases the economy and gives rise to the dissemination of ideas and information. IN addition, they were famous for coal and is used for many things in the manufacturing sector, that means an improvement in the economy and increase job opportunities for people.

Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Industrial Revolution reconstructed Britain, the United States, Russia, and Latin America through changes in means of production, the economy, and social conditions. Although all four areas ended up with similar effects of the Industrial Revolution, Britain and the United States’ means to transform were different than those of Russia and Latin America.

As the demand for child labor grew, so did the strong humanitarian campaign outside of the Parliament and another Factory Act was passed in 1831. This act limited the working day to twelve hours a day for all workers under eighteen years of age, though like most factory acts, there was no system of enforcement and the act was hardly followed, though it led to one of the most prominent acts towards child labor laws and enforcement (Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution). After the Factory Act of 1831, the Parliament continued their investigation and produced reports with striking details of the abuse and mistreatment in factories. In 1833, the Parliament passed a new Factory Act.

The Industrial Revolution affected Europe’s surpassing of other nations in a huge way. Europe’s population increase influenced significant economic adjustments across the nation such as the demand for industrial goods and resources. Britain brought the way of industrialization introducing manufacturing businesses and more urbanized societies. This significant change brought industrialization throughout all other European countries. Britain was the height of resources such as coal and iron, which were also at a high demand across the world. Technology began to advance as iron and copper became the common use of new tools and machinery making Britain’s metal production globally dependent upon across the

Before the revolution Britain was never a powerful nation, it stayed the same for centuries. The series of inventions and innovations transformed Great Britain into the most powerful and economic nation in Europe. The Industrial Revolution provided greater inventions and renewable resources which quickly spread to other countries. Even though the Industrial Revolution started as a dark and harsh event, it created a vision for a brighter

Child labor was a major issue at the time especially in factories since children had no voice and labor was cheap. Children would be paid less than adults and less likely to break out in strike. They could also fit in tight spaces. Children were not even able to learn they had to work all the time (Aboukhadijeh). Since work deprived them of an education most children did not know their ABC’s. Without an education a new middle class of uneducated would be formed (Aboukhadijeh). Another problem children faced was their health. Typically people did not care about their health this quote explains that “children should not be allowed to labor in the factories from morning till night, without any time for healthy recreation and mental culture,” for it “endangers their well being and health” (Child). Finally this was resolved in 1832 by the New England unions (Child). In the United States today, child labor remains a problem in agriculture, especially among migrant farm families. It is also an issue that comes up in protests of United States companies who buy products made by child laborers abroad

Throughout history, children have always worked, either as apprentices or servants. However, child labor reached a whole new scale during the time period of the Industrial Revolution. Throughout the time frame of late 1800s-early 1900s, children worked long hours in dangerous factory conditions for very little wages. They were considered useful as laborers because their small stature allowed them to be cramped into smaller spaces, and they could be paid less for their services. Many worked to help support their families, and by doing so, they forwent their education. Numerous nineteenth century reformers and labor groups sought to restrict child labor and to improve working conditions.

Luckily, the conflict was altogether solved when in 1833; Anthony Ashley Cooper took up the cause of factory reform and passed the Factory Act. This made it illegal to employ children under the age of nine, and set a maximum eight-hour day for children between the ages of nine and thirteen. Once this act (along other acts controlling urbanization conditions) was in place, burdens of the Industrial Revolution were not to be seen, and only benefit appears coming out from this revolutionary time period into the modern world.

As you can see, England's large workforce, natural resources, expanding economy/banking system, and political stability all helped in their industrialization. Without the workforce, the revolution would not have lasted long. Likewise, without natural resources, the industrialization would have been much harder to accomplish. Furthermore, their economy, banking system, and political stability helped in holding together and strengthening England's hope for industrialization. In the end, without these four key factors, we can infer that England might never have

Many farmers were left with no choice but to move their families to the cities and work in the factories. There was a decrease in family business and more focus on corporate domination. Before the Industrial Revolution families were close, enjoyed working and playing together. Working in the factories wasn’t the best job. It gave individuals jobs that were never heard of before. The economy and technology was on a rapid rise.

Kenneth Pomeranz argues that the industrial revolution occurred in England due to fortunate geographic circumstances such as easy access to coal for power as well as colonies where raw materials could be easily sourced. In contrast China lacked these advantages. For example Chinese coal was located in the north and its industrial base in the south.

The industrial revolution started with Britain. In Britain manufacturing was mainly done in homes using basic tools, and machines. Since Britain had the main sources, it was politically stable, and it was leading the colonial power, which meant that it could serve as a source for raw material, and as a marketplace for manufacturing goods. As the demand for British goods increased, people needed efficient and fast methods of production. This lead to the rise of technology, and factories. Soon other countries started adopting the idea of technology and machines, however, there were many conflicts that arose while industrial revolution was happening. Ultimately, the industrial revolution contributed positively. Even though there were many conflicts,

“Britain’s high -wage, cheap-energy economy made it profitable for British firms to invent and use the breakthrough technologies of the Industrial Revolution” (Allen, page 31). The main reasoning for this can be seen by evaluating Britain’s wages and prices. It was important for Britain to make and use the technology, because of the cheap but high wage economy which helped them become profitable. In the 1500’s many wages were categorized the same in Europe but, in the 1900s, Britain’s wages increased to about 60% which was more than any other country. These calculations were related to the fact that Britain has the technology and because they had the technology they could produce products more efficiently and quicker than others which made their profit higher than others. Britain also had their own coal fields, which was an easier and cheaper way of energy and because of this energy was cheaper and more cost sufficient. In regards to the Industrial revolution, there were many inventions that formed, including cotton and steam. Cotton became Britain’s largest industry, which started the competition of the development of cotton; which need machines in order produce quicker. The main purpose of the machines was important in regards to save labor while increasing the use of capital. The machines would only help when labor and wages were expensive and capital was cheap. Another invention that was vital was the steam engine, the steam engine allowed power it be useful in multiple things but it was also was cost effective because it burned so much coal at one time and being that British had more coal mines than any other it was

The Industrial Revolution first got its start in Great Britain, during the 18th century. It was inevitable that the country with the most wealth would lead in this revolution. After it adoption in England, other countries such as Germany, the United States and France joined in this revolution. During this time there were many new technological advancements,

The industrial revolution started in Britain in the 18th century. The biggest deal with this is knowing that during this time the use of machines for the purpose of labor is now beginning to be more widespread. Although before this took place machine labor did take place but not in a significant amount. Because of the industrial revolution the amount of farm labor changed as more people were moving to a more “modern” way of business. During this time transportation took a jump in production. Ships were able to get to their destination much quicker. Having the industrial revolution take