Introduction The lower extremity, an important part of a person’s daily lifestyle; responsible for most things related to movement, and travelling from one place to another. This region of the body includes the hip, knee, ankle, and the bones of the thigh, leg, and foot. Most people refer to the lower extremity as the leg. The leg, however, is in fact the body part situated between the knee and the joints of the ankle. Along with the hip joint, the leg, knee, ankle and foot work together in synchronised unison to enable movement in the lower extremity. This report shall focus on a study of the hip, knee, and the ankle and foot.
Hip
Structure and Movement
Of all vital parts in the human body, the hip joint is one of the most significant, bearing the
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These injuries occur less frequently as compared to ACL tears, and physical therapy, instead of surgery, is the more widely used option.
Ankle and Foot
Structure and Movement (Ankle)
The human foot is a part of the human body where mechanical complexity and structural strength both play vital roles. The ankle serves to provide a foundation, shock absorption and propulsion for movement, while the foot assists in sustaining significant pressures and loads, along with providing flexibility and mobility.
The foot and ankle contains up to 26 bones, 33 joints, more than 100 muscles, tendons and ligaments and a complex system of blood vessels, nerves, skin, and tissue.
Together these important components serve to provide support, balance and mobility to the rest of the body above. A hinged synovial joint, the range of motion of the ankle comprise primarily plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, or an up-and-down movement. However, along with other ranges of motion, the full network of joints function as a single universal joint, as shown in the following image.
Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligamentous complex and related
These exercises build strength and endurance in your foot. Endurance is the ability to use your muscles for a long time, even after they get tired.
and stability allowing the knee joint to slightly rotate the body before and while releasing the ball and lastly the tarsals,metatarsal and phalanges (comprise the bones of the foot to allow
features of the musculoskeletal system that moves the body and its importance in relation to correctly moving and
Rotation at the knee can only occur when the joint is in flexion. Medial, or internal, rotation is a slight “turning in” of the tibia, and the muscles that accomplish this are the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and popliteus with assistance from the gracilis and sartorius. To slightly turn the tibia outward is called lateral (external) rotation, and the muscle that is solely responsible for this is the biceps femoris.
*John Guido and Sherry Werner make a point that “The stride leg functions to dynamically stabilize the hip and knee joints in a single leg stance to maintain standing posture for
There are different techniques that repair a torn ACL. The popular method for surgeons is the patellar tendon graft procedure. This type of ACL replacement uses the middle third of the person’s own patellar tendon and replacing the damage tendon with it. The advantages are that the fixation is very strong and the patellar tendon replacing
Between the French and the English in the New World, there were several differences. First, the majority of the French people were loyal Catholics and thus were determined to spread their Catholic Faith to the Indians of the New World. On the other hand, most of the English people were united under the Church of England, or Anglican Church, and rejected Christian doctrine. While the first French settlements were established around Quebec in Canada, the first English settlements were established further to the south, near Virginia. Finally, the French colonists’ main goals were fur trading, to convert the Indians to Christianity, and to gradually settle in the New World.
Emotional intelligence or EQ is as important as intellectual intelligence because it helps a person understand themselves emotionally. An emotionally intelligent person can control how they deal with stress, which, consequently helps to become successful in several areas of life, such as work, relationships, and career. EQ helps you become aware of yourself mentally and to understand others socially. It impacts all of your life daily, from getting things done to helping friends and family or yourself emotionally. It also helps with being able to understand others and manipulate them for your gain, to get their trust and friendship to form healthy relationships.
With an ever increasing number of people becoming involved with athletic activities, there is an increasing number of injuries occurring which can be devastating for the individual. Most of the injuries that affect athletes occur in one of four structures in the human body: bones, muscles, tendons, or ligaments. Because ligaments attach bone to bone and play a major part in providing stability for joints, the major stabilizing ligament in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), assists in performing everyday actions of the human body including sitting, standing, walking, running, dancing, and participating in other sports. The injury that specifically affects this ligament is very serious and always
"Insert quote here" -Person. I moved to Texas when I was five years old to be closer to my dad's family. My parents, my sister, and I moved around a lot. My sister and I would jump around from school to school. (Insert more about life.) The word (...)
ACL injuries used to be seen as career ending injuries 50 years ago, however, throughout the years with the advancement in technology aiding treatment and rehabilitation procedures. Yet they are still sever and take months to recover. This is because of the precise location of the ligament within the knee joint. Resulting in no blood clot formation within the joint as a consequence scar tissue will not form and the tissue will just be filled with uncontrolled blood leading to swelling an pain within the joint (ACL reconstruction Oxford university hospital, 2017) which is why it takes between 9 to 12 months for recovery. With an ACL injury, other injuries often follow, namely MCL injuries and meniscal lesions which in time would likely lead to the patient contracting osteoarthritis due to it being a degenerative disorder consequently resulting from the meniscal and
A torn ACL is one of the most serious and common knee injuries. Many aspects play a role in the treatment and rehabilitation of this injury. This paper will discuss the anatomy of the knee, describe a torn ACL, and the rehabilitation.
The anatomy of the foot is very complex. There are twenty six bones in each foot. The bones in both feet equal one-quarter of the bones in the human body. There are thirty three joints and over one hundred muscles, tendons and ligaments in the foot as well. The longest bones of the foot are known as the metatarsals. There are five in each foot with the fifth being on the exterior of the foot and the first on the interior. On the end of each metatarsal there are phalanges, better known to most people as toes. The phalanges and metatarsals are the easiest to break or injure from weight bearing activities. According to the
The ankle joint is the most commonly injured part of the lower leg. It happens from an unusual twisting action
Support - our skeleton provides shape and support to our body which gives our body its shape, without this function our body would simply collapse.