Anatomy Physiology Of The Special Senses

After being shown a picture of an elephant they eye will take the light that is reflected from the object and it will enter the eye through the pupil. Then the light will be focused by the cornea and the lens to form a sharp image of the elephant in the retina. The retina is the network of neurons that cover the back of the eye and contains the visual receptors for a person vision. The visual receptors are made up of cones and rods that contain light sensitive chemicals called visual pigments. Visual pigments reacht to light and cause a triggered electrical signals to occur. These electrical signals will then flow through a network of neurons and this network of neurons is what makes up a persons retina. After the flow through the network of neurons occurs the electrical signals will emerge from the back of the eye in the area

When it comes to vision, we see things based on the light reflected from surfaces. The reflected light waves enter the eye through the cornea at the front of the eye, it's resized at the pupil, focused by the lens, and hits the retina at the back. The light is then detected by rods and cones, photoreceptors, which alters the light into electrical signals. The optic nerve transmits those vision signals to the lateral geniculate nucleus, where visual information is transmitted to the visual cortex of the brain then converts into the objects that we see.

Introduction The eye is a very important organ because it allows us to not just see something, but to also see them in colors. Vision is created when light passes through the cornea, and reflected by lens until it hits the retina in the back of the eye. On the retina are two types of light-absorbing cells. These two types are rods and cones cells.

The eyeball holds many parts to allow eyesight. The retina holds the key to allowing the human eye to see color. The pupil appears as the black part of the eye that people see, the pupil however does not have much to do with comprehending color. As Clarence Rainwater said in his book “The pupil is simply the hole in the iris through which light enters the eye.” (84) The light then has to pass through many parts of the eye before reaching the retina such as the transparent cornea, the aqueous humor, the lens, and the vitreous humor. Clarence Rainwater described the retina as “... the eye’s sensitive inner surface.” (86) The exciting part of the eye starts here. The retina holds the key as stated by Clarence Rainwater, “... a complex system

There are two cells in the retina that determine how well we see color, shapes and detail. The rods, which are located in the retina, are responsible for our vision in low light. They do not facilitate color vision, and have a low spatial awareness. The cones react in higher light levels and are responsible for color and details, as well as depth perception. When the light hits the rods and the cones a chemical reaction occurs giving us our vision.

Light must pass through the cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous humor before reaching the retina. It must then pass through the inner layers of the retina to reach the photoreceptive layer of rods and cones.

The eye is made up of three layers. The outermost layer is called the fibrous tunic and is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer is named the vascular tunic or uvea. This layer consists of the choroid, cillary body, pigmented epithelium, and the iris. The innermost layer is the retina, and it receives oxygen from blood vessels of the choroid and retinal vessels. Spaces of the eye are filled with the fluid aqueous humor. This fluid is found between the cornea and lens of

The retina is what houses the eye’s rods and cones. The eye has about 6 million cones and 120 million rods. Both rods and cones get their names from their shape. Rods do not provide color vision, and are sensitive to dim light. Cones function well in the day and provide color vision.

Sensory processing (SP) refers to how the central and peripheral nervous systems manage incoming sensory information, including the reception, modulation, integration, and organization of sensory stimuli (Miller et al., 2000). Based on the work of Ayres, Dunn (1997; 2001) developed a model of sensory processing. According to Ayres (1995), senses provide information about the body and surrounding environment to the brain which then organizes and integrates the sensory input. Well organized sensations are believed to contribute towards the formation of perceptions that facilitate behavior and learning. In contrast, poor organization and integration of sensation will result in learning difficulties and behavioral problems (Bundy et al., 2002; Schaaf et al., 2010). Sensory processing disorder refers to a set of impairments where sensory information is not adequately processed in the brain resulting in different functional difficulties in many aspects of the daily lives of the affected persons.

Flexibility training can include a variety of exercises like stretching and tai chi. Stretching exercise helps to prevent joint stiffness, muscle shortening, increase trunk flexibility and prevent the development of abnormal postures like forward bending of the upper thoracic spine (kyphosis) or scoliosis.

The visual organ of the human body is a specialized structure designed to receive and process light into images that can be perceived by the brain and is commonly known as the eye. Structurally, the eye is a globular unit that can be generally divided into an anterior segment composed of an anterior and posterior chamber or internal cavities filled with of thin, transparent fluid called the aqueous humor and a posterior segment filled with a clear, jelly-like substance referred to as the vitreous body (Abrahams, 2002). Surrounding these two polarized segments are three concentric layers that form the external wall of the eye called the fibrous layer, vascular layer, and sensory or inner layer. Each layer of the eye is composed of specialized components such as the sclera and cornea in the fibrous layer, the choroid, ciliary body, and retina in the vascular layer, and the retina and optic nerve which comprise the sensory or innermost layer. As each of these structures within the eye performs an integral function that contributes to one’s sense of vision, while others have a supplementary specialized role to protect the eye, impairing any one of these components via trauma or damage to the eye leads to a severe reduction in visual faculty. Damage to the retina, specifically, can cause a condition called retinal detachment whereas the name denotes, the retina becomes detached from an underlying layer of pigmented epithelium cells known as the retinal pigment layer and thereby

The optic nerve reaches from behind the eyes to the occipital lobe where this visual information can finally be interpreted into what we know as ‘seeing something’. It is at this point that it is useful as this is when colours can be perceived (Breedlove, 2010).

The next structure of the eye is the retina it is responsible for the viewing of images in other words it is responsible for your ability to view the external environment around you. The retina which is the “third stage of the eye” (Segre, 2015) is essentially a light-sensitive tissue. The functions of the retina mirror that of a camera 's film roll in which the retina sends a stream of chemicals which move from various areas of the eye eventually creating the image that you see. The entire retina not only refers to one structure but to multiple structures.According to (Segre, 2015) These include the photoreceptor cells which are subdivided into two groups those of which include rods and cones. The rods when it comes to detection are on a different level in comparison to the cones because the light sensitive pigments that are located inside the rods of the retina are much more sensitive they capture more light and they are able to amplify the stimuli and incoming impulses to a greater extent than cones are able to. This was shown according to Baylor (2014), in an experiment conducted in which it was found that only one photon cell possessed the ability to emit a response from a rod but concerning this same experiment it was shown that hundreds of photons were needed in order to emit even a small response from a cone. Concerning the cones though in terms of spatial and temporal resolution they tend to perform better this may be due to the fact that there is a large number