Theoretical Framework Social psychologists Godfrey Hochbaum, Irwin Rosenstock, and Stephen Kegels, developed The Health Belief Model (HBM) to explain lack of motivation and action to protect from health threats. It is a behavior social sciences model. Here, it will be the framework for exploring reasons 15-24 year olds do not consistently use condoms.
The HBM is a framework for urging people to take actions to prevent negative health consequences. Perceived threat, benefits and barriers are elements of the HBM. Those who do not believe that a negative health consequence is likely, will not be motivated to take actions to protect their health. According to the Center for Disease Control, “Incidence and prevalence estimates suggest
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There are barriers to condom use as evidenced by the consistently high transmission rate. A review of published literature will help to uncover barriers to condom use and develop intervention strategies.
Comprehensive Literature Review-Synthesis and Analysis A review of literature shows both physical and psychological barriers to regular condom use. A study by Widman, Choukas-Bradley (2014) and Francis established that effective communication between sexual partners can lead to increased condom use. The article examined data on the effects of communication between sexual partners as a gateway to condom use. Median age was 16.8 with age ranges 12-23. The author concluded that the data supports that effective communication between sexual partners increases condom use. Another psychological barrier to condom use was identified in a study Camilleri, Kohut and Fisher (2015) The authors concluded that the research upheld the premise that social and personal motivation had a direct influence on condom use. Correctly identifying social and personal motivations for not using condoms can lead to effective intervention
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Because the effect of an action is not immediate, participants do not see the negative consequences of their actions. A study conducted by Dariotis and Johnson (2015) measured the effect of delay discounting. Discounted delay does not consider the consequences of actions because they do not occur right away. Condom availability should be part of a strategy for increasing condom use and learning to delay sexual encounters if condoms are not readily available. Another study by Sanders, Hill, Crosby, and Janssen (2014) measured the effect of condom-associated erection problems in males and how it effects condom use. The study identifies both physical and psychological barriers to condom use. The study measured condom use skills, perception and motivation. The study offers another area for further research on male erectile dysfunction and condom use.
Potential Interventions The literature review identified interventions that may lead to greater condom use among the targeted population. The psychological barrier of poor communication between partners is an important intervention. Identifying social and person motivations for inconsistent condom use will help to establish effective
We can look at these key constructs as they relate to the topic of adolescent sexual risk behaviors. With the construct of perceived susceptibility, adolescents may feel that they are not at risk of contracting an STD. Perceived severity is the idea that this population believe getting an STD is severe enough to take action. With perceived benefits, adolescents feel that getting tested for HIV or using a condom will protect them from an unplanned pregnancy or STD. Perceived barriers allows adolescents to identify any barriers they may have with using condoms or getting tested and ways to overcome these barriers. A cue to action could be a simple HIV related radio ad or commercial. This can prompt
Tracas, Ashley1, et al. "Changes in Condom Use over Time among Female Sex Workers and Their
Also, check whether they can perceive that it is essential to practice safe sex practices and how they can be flawed. The information uncovered that most understudies comprehended one of the real hindrances of condoms was putting it on wrong or not knowing how to put it on effectively. At the point when posed the question what is a disadvantage of the utilization of a condom, the age groups disagree. While most 18 years express that not putting on a condom effectively versus the 17 years who agreed that not putting on a condom, but as well as allergic reaction and breakage are cause of a disadvantage. Out of gender, 5/10 females said stated that was one of the major weakness of condoms along with male being 4/9. Which then drove us into a discussion on how to put on a condom efficiently and how to know whether it's on accurately. One of the namelessly questions was how would they know whether his condom is on a properly? You can see these illustrations in the appendix c and see the inquiries asked alongside the information in the index a figure
Calypso, a nymph in Greek Mythology, is first found holding the warrior Odysseus captive from his journey home after the Trojan War. Her love for him is so strong that she cannot let him go. Homer introduces Calypso as a beautiful goddess sitting on a tropical island while playing her lyre. Continuing with the stereotypical goddess nature, Homer also reveals how strong emotions can cause goddesses to act irrationally. Meanwhile, he also shows how their beauty plays and important part in their personality and how people treat them. In the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer depicts the character Calypso with opposing characteristics to uphold the recurring contradicting goddess personality; he shows her as lustrous yet manipulative.
According to Fennel in her article ““And Isn’t That the Point?”: Pleasure and Contraceptive Decisions.”, very little research about how sexual pleasure plays a role in deciding whether or not people utilize contraceptive devices in intercourse exist. In light of this realization, Fennel decided to conduct a study that consisted of 30 men and 30 women between the ages of 18 and 30 years of age who were all currently in heterosexual relationships for at least six months. Individuals were interviewed separately, and were questioned about their contraceptive method of choice, and what factors decided their contraception use.
My group had the ethical topic of socialized healthcare. As I am on the opposing side, my beliefs are that healthcare should not be mandated by the government. It should not be the taxpayers responsibility for paying for the healthcare of those Americans that can’t afford to purchase a healthcare plan. Instead, it should be the Churches responsibility to take care of those that are sick and in need. I believe that having the government force the rich to pay in not an ethical solution.
Moreover, the authors used an appropriate method to recruit participants. The recruitment was confidential as it screened all the potential participants in a private room. Participants were aware they were part of a study of the effectiveness of FoF to promote correct and consistent use of condoms, and they completed a consent form. Youths aged between 15 to 17 years were excluded in this study as having sex under 18 years is not encouraged.
Gabster, Mohammed, Arteaga, Castillero, Majica, Dyamondy, Varela, and Pascale (2016), found that sixty six out of eighty high school students who had a Sexually Transmitted Disease reported inconsistent condom usage during sex. Form the current research found in learning more about information within Meeker’s (2007) book I have found her information regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases to still be relevant to current research regarding teenagers and the STD epidemic.
In a recent study performed at the University of New Orleans by Dr. Bruce M. King, only 20% of men reported using a condom consistently, while only 50% reported using protection with a new partner. The results of condom use or lack there of is clear:
The goals of sex education are to help young people achieve a positive view of
Stigmatizing sex and forcing teenagers to hide from authority figures in order to engage in it simply makes it more dangerous. Preventing access to birth control is associated with limiting discussion or education with teenagers and their authority figures about sexual behavior. Lack of sex education is associated with positive sexual behaviors, including a significantly reduced likelihood of teen pregnancy (Lindberg and Maddow-Zimet 333). Specifically, teaching adolescents about birth control options increases the likelihood of birth control usage and other safer sexual practices (Lindberg and Maddow-Zimet 337). For instance,
Many questions and concerns have come about regarding this promotion of condoms being distributed in public schools. Will it lower teen pregnancy rates? Will condoms reduce sexually transmitted diseases? Will the distribution of condoms in public
I am pleased to write a recommendation letter for Alicia Panganiban, the International Student Awardee for Academic Excellence and Display of Christian Character and Commitment. I have known Alicia for more than six years as my student in Church & Ministry and Leadership Coaching courses. I came to know her very well when she was my intern, Summer of 2011, and hired her as my graduate assistant the following semester until her optional practical training which ended June, 2014. And then volunteered in my non-profit organization, Transformational Leadership Coaching, that provides Christian value base ambassadorial training to leaders who will become role models, solution providers, and key influencers in their respective communities.
A virtue that has dissipated in our society is abstinence. Our culture embraces loose morals and the results have been devastating. More and more teenagers are developing venereal diseases, such as AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea, and are having unwanted children before they are married. Contrary to popular belief, condoms aren't a 100% guarantee of preventing pregnancy and disease, and therefore the rectitude of abstinence should be practiced.