Alcohols Lab Report

We heated the hydrates in separate fume hoods with two Bunsen burners for ten minutes each.

It was desired to compare a theoretical value of enthalpy of combustion to a literature value. To do this, the theoretical value was calculated using a literature value for the heat of sublimation of naphthalene, the heat of vaporization of water and average bond energies, given in Table 1 of the lab packet.1 Equations (1) and (5) were used to calculate the theoretical enthalpy of combustion of gaseous naphthalene, where n was the number of moles, m was the number of bonds, and ΔH was the average bond energy:

Table 1 summarises the results from the primary data collected. Figure 5 indicates there is a linear relationship between the molecular weight and heats of combustion. Figure 6 compares the heats of combustion of the primary data, the accepted values and values calculated from the bond dissociation energy. Figure 6 compares the heat of combustion values identified by the bond dissociation energy calculations, the accepted values and experimental values when 80g of water is heated by 10°C. The bond dissociation energies do not take into account the hydrogen bonding and the accurate energy required to change the tested alkanol from an aqueous state to a gaseous state. The experiments done to identify the accepted values were conducted

An alcohol dehydration reaction is useful for synthesizing alkenes. Through the use of an acid catalyst, an alcohol is protonated and then dehydrated by the loss of a water molecule. This dehydration step results in a carbocation, and deprotonation by a base results in a final alkene product. In this experiment, 4-methylcyclohexene was obtained with a 32% yield. The theoretical yield of the product was 6.3 grams, but the actual yield of the product was 2.0 grams. A low percent yield of product could be attributed to systematic errors. An improperly tared scale, an inaccurately lined graduated cylinder, or a tiny crack in glassware could result in less than desirable product yields.

Introduction: long ago the government banned the ability to make alcohol. This has caused a huge uproar which then people started to boot legging, as more and more people started to drink in the safety of their own homes. After the government saw how people were protesting this new law, they decided that they should left the ban. Since then people were able to drink in public, which in return has created another issue, now that they are drunk at a bar, how do they get home. Rather than taking the safe option and utilize some of the state and local programs and call a tow truck, the Driver chooses to just drive how drunk. They think that it’s ok, since they do not have their full mind.

The impact of this error could be reduced if the soot was cleaned from the bottom of the beaker each time the test was run or if the combustion of the alcohol were to use pure molecular oxygen, as when burnt in pure molecular oxygen that was readily available to be burnt, no soot is created. These improvements would increase the accuracy of the data collected from the

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Lead Author: Mallori Mays Reviewer: Mallori Mays Editor: Mallori Mays Introduction: In this experiment an alcohol was converted to an alkyl halide by both an SN1 and SN2 reactions. Products were obtained by reflux and simple distillation and collected for running spectroscopy data. There are several different Spectroscopy methods used to observe the effects from when light interacts with molecules, depending on the wavelength of light that is used.1 From experiments performed in the past, it is known that UV-VIS uses visible and ultraviolet rays to show any pi bond system with conjugation in the compound, but it is not used for this experiment. IR uses infrared

Introduction of a breathalyser? A breathalyser is a device for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample. In 1954 Robert F. Borkenstein invented the Breathalyser.

Let me tell you that the majority of automobile accidents in America results from alcohol. The alcohol consumed will be existed in blood and it is known as Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC). In this condition, someone will experience lowered alertness which can cause someone to loss of judgement and reduce their ability to track moving object. Beside lowered alertness, the muscle control will be lessened causing difficulty steering and less ability to maintain lane position and brake appropriately. People in a state of drunkenness are also hard to detect danger. It may reduce their response to emergency driving situations.

In this experiment, the pKa, dissociation constant, of 2-naphthol was determined by measuring the UV-visible absorption spectra of solution of the acid at different pH values.

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols = == == == ==

When the fuels are burnt, energy is given off. I will be calculating the energy given off using the formula above. The specific heat capacity is the energy

The aim of this experiment was to test the heat of combustion over a period of time, and the energy required to combust alcohols with different carbon chain levels. It was hypothesised that the higher the carbon chain of the alcohol present, the faster the heat of combustion will occur. Meaning more energy will be released for a higher carbon chain. After calculating the results from the experiment it was found that the hypothesis was partially supported. The reasoning for this is as the alcohol that posses a higher carbon chain, generally increased there reaction rates. However there were a few exceptions to this rule.

The energy that comes from the combustion from either ethanol or petrol comes from burning these hydrocarbons in order for the oxygen from the air to combine and combust (See Ethanol and the Environment for more). Energy is produced when the hydrocarbon bonds between the carbon and the hydrogen and

The reaction that is involved in burning alcohols is exothermic because heat is given out. From this reason the reactant energy is higher than that of the product.