Acute Pain Research Paper

This is a situation that many of us have experienced before. I know as a tele nurse I have many times. A patient that was admitted to our unit yesterday was assigned to us. They came to the hospital with heart failure and now they are having chest pain. Pain rating is subjective. We must take into consideration factors that affect the patients physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, emotional and behavioral state. My assessment of this patient happens as soon as I walk into the room. I would notice the patients behavior. Does the patient appear in pain (crying, holding chest, grimacing)? Are they short of breath, diaphoretic? I would ask the patient to rate his pain using a face pain scale from 1 – 10. Utilization of the acronym OLD CART

Being in pain can make you feel unwell and have negative feelings. It can interfere with your daily activities, such as work, school, hobbies, or relationships. Pain can be a sign you have a condition that needs to be treated. A pain scale can help you describe your pain so your health care provider has a better idea of what you are feeling and how to treat your condition.

Pain threshold is the point when a stimulus causes pain. Pain threshold limit varies between everyone and the reason for that is because of the genes you inherited from your ancestors. Controlling these genes can result in higher pain threshold or higher pain sensitivity, as the pain threshold depends on your genetics. Sensing pain has been a survival trait for all mankind, making us avoid scenarios that will harm our body. Although having a sense of pain is very useful, what if we are able to control when we feel pain and how much we feel? Both cases have their positives and negatives.The average set of COMT genes is one Valine form of the gene, and one Methionine, the normal pain threshold.The version of your COMT gene depends in your genetics, the combination creates your pain threshold, and the COMT and be used in the medical field.

Pain can be categorized as acute or chronic pain. Chronic pain is described as pain that is both long-term and continuous, or is pain that persists after the expected healing time following an injury (British Pain Society, n.d.) Acute pain can provide a warning signal that an illness or injury has occurred. It is defined as pain that lasts less than three months and lessens with healing (Briggs, 2010). Acute pain can then be described in more detail by the following categories; somatic, visceral and neuropathic pain. Somatic pain is a localized pain described as sharp, burning, dull, aching or cramping. It is seen with incisional pain and orthopedic injuries or procedures. Visceral pain refers to an injury to the organs and linings of the body cavities. It produces diffuse pain and can be described as splitting, sharp or stabbing. This is pain that be described from patients with appendicitis, pancreatitis or intestinal injuries and illnesses. Injuries to the nerve fibers, spinal cord and central nervous system cause neuropathic pain. This pain can be described as shooting, burning, fiery, sharp, and as a painful numbness. This can be seen after an

· Extreme pain is due to the hypoxic environment that results from the occlusion of capillary beds within tissues by sickled RBCs. This sickling is due to the polymerization of HbS in low-oxygen environments occluding tissues and causing local hypoxic environments. Inflammation is indicated as the trigger for this process in many cases. Experimental studies in transgenic HbS homozygote mice using hypoxia and inflammatory drugs showed occlusion of the postcapillary venules due to increased interactions between leukocytes, RBCs, and the vascular endothelium. In addition, precapillary obstruction is observed in sickled RBCs with especially high [HbS] and increased interactions between the vascular endothelium and RBCs. The tissue damage that results from the hypoxic environment leads to an increase in inflammation in the area once the tissue is repurfused with

Much attention has been given to post-secondary education and its effectiveness in North America. The discourse on the successes and failures of transitions between secondary and post-secondary education has highlighted the issues of student retention and attrition in post-secondary environments (Rosenbaum, 1998). This research therefore explores the distinctions between the education systems of Jamaica and Ontario, looking specifically at standardized testing and structural requirements in preparing students for post-secondary studies.

The sharp pain I endure and the changes I made in my life were difficult challenges. There are hundreds of people in this world fighting a disease. Heather Morgan quotes that “Every Time You Eat or Drink You are Either Feeding Disease or Fighting It” and this is a battle I struggle with everyday. Morgan is an a actress and comedian who played in the movie “Bark!” My life felt as though everything was headed downhill after being diagnosed with a chronic disease.

The major concepts of this theory are defined theoretically since the use of these definitions is from a broader theoretic concept. Therefore, an operational concept could be developed from them. There is consistency in the use of these concepts throughout the theory of acute pain management with examples given using the same language as well as maintaining the integrity of the concepts.

In this discussion, I will be looking at the different forms of pain and how this pain is caused within the body. The number of different types of drugs used to treat pain is forever expanding but I will examine the main types of painkiller, how they were discovered and how they work to relieve the symptoms of pain.

A firm’s use of a warehouse that it owns and could rent to another firm

Distributing information and news before it has been fully investigated can cause several problems. If information is put forth before being investigated it can cause false perception, negative attitudes, and bias. It is very important that all angles are examined and the facts are brought to light.

What is pain? If you ask someone to tell you the definition of pain they will typically state something that hurts. Registered nurses should know the definition of pain and how it can be identified on their patients. However, Abdalrahim, Majali, Stomberg, and Bergbom (2010) propose that nurses did not receive adequate education in pain management and suggest the lack of knowledge hinders their ability to adequate control their patients’ pain. Therefore, the unethical treatment of pain can be traced back nurses.

    Painkillers started with Opioids made from poppy, most often and most active of all is morphine. Morphine is very powerful and addictive. Doctors of the 1600s used an Opium based painkiller called ladanum which was opium based alcohol. In the early 1900s doctors used morphine made from pure opium, this was used a lot during the civil war. Another drug derived from opium near this time period would be Codeine. Codeine was often made made and therefore less powerful and less addictive, It was discovered in the mid 18 hundreds in france, it was mainly used for coughs.

This is a case of 45 years old patient physically active female who has been referred to the physical therapist by a medical practitioner for shoulder pain. The patient was evaluated by the therapist for subjective data, objective data, and a detailed assessment was taken. The pain history includes- no history of trauma, unknown etiology, and sudden onset of pain in the right shoulder since past one week. The pain type includes- intermittent, irrespective to movement in diagonal variations with moderate to severe intensity, and sharp pinching with heaviness on the superioposterior side of the right shoulder. On a VAS scale, the patient complained of pain intensity level seven out of 10. The patient works as a software engineer in a well-known

Huether & Mccane (2017) “ Stimulation of the autonomic nervous system results in physical manifestations including increased heart rate, hypertension, diaphoresis, and dilated pupils”. Cutaneous, deep somatic, and visceral are structures that can be affect by acute pain. Now chronic pain, last longer than 3 months when compared to acute pain. “It may be ongoing or intermittent. Changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems that causes dysregulation of nociception and pain modulation processes are thought to lead to chronic pain” Huether & Mccane (2017). Psychological changes are noted with chronic pain that might have an effect on the individual’s lifestyles. “ As chronic pain progresses, certain behavioral and psychological changes emerge, including depression, difficulty eating and sleeping, preoccupation with the pain, and avoidance of pain-provoking stimuli” Huether & Mccane (2017).It is best practice to be supportive and answer any questions that these individuals might have. Lastly, “Referred pain is felt in an area removed or distant from the origin point. The area of referred pain is supplied by the same pain spinal segment as the actual