Academic Norms: An Analysis Of The Socialization Of Doctoral Students

Socialization is the process through which people learn the language, norms, values, behaviors and other aspects of culture that a particular society views as acceptable. It is important for humans because it allows us to learn about our culture and it contributes to our personality.

Chapter 3 of Essential of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach by James M. Henslin discusses the topic of socialization, which is the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group—the knowledge, attitudes, skills, norms, values, and actions thought appropriate for them. Sociologists try to determine how much of a person’s characteristics comes from “nature” (heredity) and how much from “nurture” (social environment). Studying feral, isolated, and institutionalized children, such as The Skeels/Dye Experiment, have helped them understand how “society makes us human.” The theories and research of Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Piaget to explain socialization into the self and mind. Cooley’s looking-glass self theory focuses on how we believe others perceive us.

Critical thinking is described as unbiased, clear and factual thought process that helps any student with any decision-making process. Critical thinking is an essential tool that every student will need to master to continue academic success. There are multiple phases of critical thinking as described by Benjamin Bloom which include remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. The critical thinking process starts by remembering. If we can remember what we read and apply key facts we will be able to move forward to understand what decisions we need to make. From there we can then apply the facts to the decision we have to make and innovate, or create, as needed.

The following paper will discuss possible obstacles to completing a dissertation; strategies used to avoid or overcome them; and generally, how to take care of ones-self throughout the career as a doctoral student.

This article focused on the constant debate concerning the conditions in which students develop the skill of thinking critically. Being able to use critical thinking requires knowledge of facts and concepts about the subject matter. I found this article interesting because I think it is important that students develop critical thinking skills. Most scholarly articles tend to have an abstract that summarizes the papers entirety. Due to this this article is considered scholarly.

The term socialization can be defined as the process in which individuals learn the behavioral patterns that are most likely accepted and tolerated in society. This process includes the learning values in which children are taught and they develop the social values of their parents or guardians just by observing them. Socialization occurs from the birth of the individual and continues throughout their life. Socialization is classified as one of the most important process in the family. Of all the major sociological perspectives, symbolic interactionism has probably developed the most detailed theory of socialization, Haralambos, Holborn. Sociology -

This article demonstrates how 38 faculty members across seven disciplines extend support in forming success for doctoral students. It conducts an in-depth research applying a constant comparative method in understanding faculty members’ own experiences of student success in doctoral education. It begins with summarizing relevant existent literature and the conceptual context guiding the study. Key elements in existent literature relating to doctoral success include retention, academic accomplishment, graduation, and professional socialization were also studied. The research indicates that doctoral education varies and is experienced inversely amongst the different disciplines. In examining the diversity among the disciplines, culture and framework influenced the faculty members’ conceptions of doctoral success. In addition, a common ground was established between departments directly related to institutional effects mainly focused on ranking, status, and funding observations. Of relevance, the study shows several significant conclusions such as successful completion derived from individual departmental cultural viewpoints, questioning existing institutional framework that can enable or hinder students’ success, and institutional funding. Also, the article concludes that research has only been attempted in

Socialization is the process by which members in society learn from each other. This instills and carries on the intentions the society withholds. We begin being trained by others as children to gain a multitude of social skills and continue to learn from others all throughout our lives. Through socialization we are also latently taught how to perceive the world. Perception is why we have different opinions on whether a culture is strange, if our country is the best, or if going to college is essential. Sometimes, the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art, or musical technique from a friend or teacher. At other times, social learning can be painful, as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for speeding.

The significance of relationships, networking and family support are integral component in doctoral learner’s lives. There is evidence to support that the diverse interweaving of learner connections, is critical. Social connections are an important aspect of how doctoral students progress from dependent to independent researcher (Baker and Pifer, 2011). The beginning of learning in doctoral education involves acclimation to the social culture of the institution, interaction with faculty advisors, mentors, peers, and family support, require a village network to aid learners in establishing a solid foundation to convert from dependent to independent scholar (Baker and Pifer, 2011; Weidman and Stein, 2003). In addition, the dissertation process,

One difference between the scholar-practitioner and the practitioner-scholar seems to be in the “premium” in which doctoral studies place on research and theory (and publications) rather than research and practice. In general, understanding that basic difference did not deter me from noticing the vast similarities and support between the two models. Still, the differences seem to be that the scholar-practitioner is potentially more concerned with (or faced with the issue of) “status” than the practitioner-scholar. When pointing out the political aspects of scholar-practitioners, McClintock (2004), in “Scholar Practitioner Model” asserts that “the more determinate the knowledge base—as in the physical and life sciences—the greater the prestige and power of the field (p. 3). Conversely, it seems that the practitioner-scholar is looking to the published research projects of the scholar-practitioner in order to synthesize that information with an emphasis on application (Capella, 2003).

In order to be an academia researcher into a particular field one must be able to gather and identify materials that are appropriate to what they are researching and what they are trying to prove or to disprove. It is imperative for the doctoral learner to be able to locate the needed information and be able to organize it

Critical thinking is a significant and essential topic in recent education. The strategy of critical thinking skills helps identify areas in one's courses as the suitable place to highlight, expand and use some problems in exams that test students' critical thinking skills.

Socialization is a learning process that begins after birth. People act in accordance to the feedback and reactions they get from others. We learn who we are by family, friends, and the people around us. Socialization is an important process of our personality, language and behavior. It is not always a conscious or an intentional transference, and people are not always aware that they might be influencing someone in a social situation. The very structure of authority and the responsibility of families, schools, and media may determine which values, attitudes, and beliefs people adopt.

Socialization is “the process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior and social skills that are essential appropriate to his or her social environment.” Socialization applies to our daily life and it’s the most important process of human society. Without socialization the human would not be able to take part in group life and develop human characteristics. The world wouldn’t never be organized and everyone would have their own ways of doing thing. The general rules that we follow every day tells us what we should and shouldn’t do and how we should interact in situations. There are always consequences if we violate the rules and everyone recognizes the rules. Individual personality is really important in socialization. As a child, we start to learn and imitate others behavior, and as we get older, we start to understand the social life and accustom to the environment we live in, which can have effects on our personality. Personality refers to the patterns of feeling, thought, and action that characterizes human beings. The experiences we go through in life can change our personality too. Socialization essentially represents the process of learning throughout the life course. The important theories of socialization are defined by Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, Sigmund Freud and Judith R. Harris. Charles Cooley, George Mead and Erving Goffman mention the importance of the social side of

Socialization is an ongoing process in which individuals obtains a personal identity, learns norms, values and behaviour appropriate to his/her position. People constantly require approval of the things they do, they continually seek to be socially competent and to be accepted by those around them. It is human nature to want to be similar from others in order to be accepted in a certain social spheres but at the same time wanting to be different and unique. There are primary and secondary agents of socialization. The primary agents are those that are basic and fundamental to social beings, these include family and friends from which we learn behaviour at young age; they transmit norms and values to us. The secondary agents are those that are more external to us than family such as social institutions/organisations, these include schools,