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A Study On The Bony Pelvis

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Chapter 1: Introduction
The bony pelvis is consisting of 4 bones which are 2 os coxae or innominate bones, 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx. According to Applegate, E. J. (2010), the term pelvis is used to describe large bony structure at the base of the spine which the lower limbs and many other vertebrates are attached to it. Thus, pelvis is applied to the bony that formed by the coccyx, the sacrum and the two hip bones which are called as the bony pelvis. The term of pelvis also can consider as the cavity surrounded by the bony pelvis and preferred as the pelvic cavity. Pelvis has strength and power to keep the body upright and enable it to bend, twist at the waist, to walk and run.
The female pelvis differs from the male pelvis in terms of shape and size. For example, the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet of females are wider compared to males. In females the pubic angle is greater and the ischial spines are shorter than males. Moreover, the widest diameter of female pelvic brim is transversely oval and further forwards (Medical Art Library, 2015). Meanwhile, the male pelvic brim is widest towards the back of the pelvis and the outlet is heart-shaped (Figure 1). Table 1 show the comparison of the male and female pelvis.

2.1 Pelvic Cavity
Dr. C. Dlugos (1999) was mentioned the enclosed chamber located within the abdominal pelvic cavity is called pelvic cavity. Pelvic cavity is above by the superior aperture and below by the pelvic diaphragm. It extends backward and downward from

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