A Brief Note On Israeli And Japanese Pregnancy Processes

With increasing developments in biotechnology there are now more choices than ever for prospective parents when they decide to start a family. This induces demand for philosophers and ethicists to analyze the moral pertinence of such practices around the world for a wide range of situations. In this paper, I will present the arguments of Dena Davis against sex selective techniques and the subsequent arguments by Sophia Wong that link sex selection and disability de-selection. I will subsequently evaluate Wong’s extension and its viability within the argument established by Davis and defend my conclusion that it is indeed comparable and equivalent arguments due to the congruence of gender and disability expectations in the United States.

This article discusses the first two test tube babies meeting each other at a fertility conference. Through this, it displays how two of the first humans produced by this technology can bond over something such as their specialized births and what "life growing up in the spotlight has been like" (Simpson). The recognition of this event as a medical breakthrough helps to portray the importance of further advancement within this technology. As time continues so does the need to keep up with the new and upcoming technologies, and this article shows the importance of furthering the technology of IVF. The online article analyzed for the resolution of this topic was a book review in Louise Brown's autobiography. The review chose to focus on analyzing the parents of the first test tube baby opposed to the birth itself. This article states the negative effects IVF has had on the world and how it coincides with religion and moral beliefs. The review is very clearly against Louise Brown and what she has to say about the advancement that was her birth. Throughout the review, the author fails to include a counter argument for their

The Industrial Revolution was a pivotal moment in American history as it marked the shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial. It sparked the growth of communication and transportation sectors. This allowed the country to become more connected and more efficient. The major changes in America during this time allowed for economic growth at the state level. The Industrial Revolution was the key factor in American advancements in communication, transportation, and economic growth.

Within the first page of this book, Susan Martha Kahn explains how “many Israelis have enthusiastically embraced new reproductive technologies as reasonable solutions to childlessness (Kahn 2000:1),” which sets the tone for this account as a whole, presenting the idea that childlessness is a problem to be solved in Israeli culture. This idea is engrained in the culture, and a barren woman is the center of sympathy. The biblical decree to “be fruitful and multiply” has a very important role for Jewish individuals, many of whom consider reproduction as “an imperative religious duty” Kahn 2000: 3). There is an evident pressure to become a parent in this kinship system, and this pressure falls on virtually all women, regardless of marital status. Many women use New Reproductive Technologies (NRTs) in order to fulfill this duty and give into this pressure, whether explicitly or implicitly; as many women desire to follow the Bible’s commandment, some wish to evade constant questions regarding children, others simply wish to become a mother to fit into the role they picture themselves in, and taking advantage of these treatments is a last resort for some to achieve motherhood (Kahn 2000:17). However, it is important to recognize that, as explained by a rabbi, “she is not obligated to procreate… the obligation to procreate only falls on the man” (Kahn 2000:57). Despite the male obligation to reproduce, women are still socially expected to become mothers. This access to NRTs makes

There are many different ways to organize society, and to interpret our sexual reproductive biology across cultures.

In God’s Laboratory, Elizabeth Roberts argues that God and doctors have helped socioeconomically disadvantaged patients to receive certain reproductive technologies in contemporary Ecuador. As Roberts details, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and caesarean-section (C-section) are highly sought-after practices among Ecuadorian parents. Through these practices, otherwise infertile parents can have children and parents of color can follow upper-class norms and gain social status. Because many élites say that mule-like black and brown women are better at delivering children than white women, and that women of color do not need reproductive help, one might think that infertile parents of color struggle to find alternative treatments (Roberts 2012: 81).

Most women in World State are sterilized. The way of creating babies in the New World, requires only one egg, which means that fertile women are not longer needed. The women who aren’t sterilized use contraceptives. This society is also conditioned to exclude people who will get pregnant the normal, or traditional, way because this act is categorized as an act of rebellion against the State. Because of this New World has many abortion clinics for the woman who are pregnant. If World State is in need of new children, they will do a surgery in the woman so they can remove the ovaries to create babies.

In this paper, I want to talk about what kind of roles the physicians are playing in regulating access to reproductive choice in the United States of America. My focus in this paper is how some doctors are trying to encourage the middle-class heterosexual whites to have reproduction while discouraging the people of color, and gays and lesbians. I want to argue that a lot of American doctors are trying to use their cultural authority as a profession to promote their own preferred family ideal. There are still a lot of discriminations in the United States against women with different social status because there are decent amount of physicians trying to promote the “appropriate reproduction”. For example, race and sexual orientation are continuing to have big impact on the reproductive care offered to and received by women. This paper indicates how doctors exert their power in area like birth. Among all the problems we have, questions regarding to what constitutes appropriate childbearing are at the forefront.

The AMA made the reproductive rights of women into a political catastrophe. Utilizing legislative tactics, they pushed out the healers, midwives, and herbalists from the scene. Also, the AMA and the government sought a decrease in immoral activities if contraceptives were allowed to stand. In turn, they wanted them banned. In this paper, we will talk about all of the intricacies that went into the topic of women’s reproductive solutions in the Nineteenth Century. Women, Men, and the others that ran the countries overseeing their citizens all had specific agendas that sought to solve the problems faced by conception.

I am a Muslim woman with a Middle Eastern background. Both my parents were born and raised in Egypt. In the Middle East it is almost mandatory that a married couple conceives. Most Middle Eastern families enjoy the idea of creating a family for many reasons, most importantly to secure their future. The authors explain, “Infertile couples face not only emotional difficulties due to their inability to conceive, but also severe difficulties in achieving their social security, social power, and social perpetuity desires (inhorn, 1996)” (25). Therefore, if an Egyptian couple has difficulty conceiving they turn to ARTs. Without doubt the Islamic religion creates guidelines for Assisted Reproduction Technology, but the idea is not completely condemned within the rules of Islam. Most couples who have difficulty conceiving turn to ARTs within the guidelines of Islam.

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) marks a great step forward in medical technology, and Australia is a leader in the field. IVF is now a popular procedure for couples who are infertile or are having trouble conceiving. However, it raises ethical, moral and legal issues including the rights of an individual, property rights, the definition of human life, scientific experimentation versus a potential human life, religion, costs, and community, medical and taxpayer’s rights.

In the United States, marijuana legalization is a highly debated topic. Marijuana has many benefits to the body and the community. It can be used medicinally or recreationally and serves a number of purposes. Marijuana has been proven to treat a number of diseases and conditions, causes a decline in deaths due to overdose from opioid pains, and serves a plethora of additional benefits. I strongly feel that sooner rather than later, marijuana should be federally legalized so that citizens can have access to the benefits of this plant.

In today’s society, surrogacy is becoming a more and more popular and common issue. For many couples who cannot or unwilling to carry babies by themselves, surrogacy is the first choice to have their own babies and build a family. The legality of surrogacy is different for every country. There are countries that consider the birth mother as the legal mother while there are those that don't. Besides, a lower price of surrogacy in developing countries drives them to find surrogate mother overseas. Thus, international

Artificial reproductive technology (ART) is defined as procedures which stimulate a woman 's ovaries to produce eggs, the eggs are then removed, combined with sperm, and then returned to a woman 's body (Bell, 2016). ART is becoming more and more popular throughout that globe. This method of conceiving children gives women who may be struggling with infertility options that were not possible before the advent of such methods. ART is relevant to the sociological definition of global health because it is evidence of the fact that our world has become interdependent especially when it comes to medical technology. However with ART comes the notion of the culture of disguise and in many countries this is an integral part of artificial reproductive technology process. With that being said, sociologists should look to study and understand the culture of disguise in ART as it pertains to global health and it shapes interactions between people and the society they live in.

Recently, couples who started opting for sperm donations, sometimes also demand to know the “genes” or the caste, for fearing that the baby may not receive the right genes, in case, the donor is of a different caste.