1 Malathion Research Paper

Malathion has been introduced to our City Council here in Wilhelmville. We as a community are looking for a pesticide to kill these insects destroying our crops, however in reviewing information found and presented to us and our council we have a split decision. Below is what we have been presented with by concerned citizens of the community. When presenting this information to the members of the council will assist me and others in our decision whether this is the pesticide that we need to use here in our community.

The Parthenon Frieze is the inner most decorative piece on the outside ceiling of the Parthenon. Its construction finished in 447BC and it was built by Phidias on the orders of Pericles. (1) The Frieze today is situated in multiple museums around Europe. The majority of the Frieze is located in the British Museum where the 80m’s of Frieze has its own room in the Duveen Gallery that was built to replicate the position from where it was taken from on the Parthenon in Athens. In 1938 Duveen and his associates undertook a cleaning process on the marbles using copper tools and carborundum which damaged the marble but gave it a whiter, more authentic classical look, due to the decolouration which had happened to it. When this came to the attention of the public years later, it caused outrage as the directors had chosen to do nothing about it. (2) The second largest collection of the Frieze is in the Acropolis museum in Athens with smaller parts in museums around Europe such as Paris. (3)

Although I feel that malathion, when correctly regulated, is perfectly safe for humans, I do not feel that it’s worth the impact it will have on the environment. Being highly toxic to important insects and fish will negatively affect the surrounding ecosystem. Once we began to deplete that, then there definitely won’t be any mosquitos left to worry

Symptoms include: excessive perspiration, constriction of the pupils, tear production, salivation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, muscle weakness, muscle cramping, ataxia, and paralysis and may cause blood pressure changes with either decreased or increased heart rate. Effects on the central nervous system can also cause symptoms such as: headaches, confusion, decreased respiration, convulsions, and coma. These symptoms have been studied but symptoms have occurred only after extremely high or lethal doses of malathion were administered. In studies done with lower doses of malathion, no effect level was observed. The effect of malathion on human health and the environment depend on how much is present at the time of exposure as well as other environmental factors. When administered properly at low levels, no effect was

Some of the immediate physical complaints include constantly feeling cold, bloodshot eyes with dark circles, finger calluses, dizziness, weakness, lackluster hair, moodiness, insomnia, no menstruation, swollen glands, weight loss, sore throat, or dry skin. Some of the long-term effects include extreme weight loss, gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea and/or constipation, malnutrition, loss of tooth enamel,

The use of pesticides is an important decision that thousands of communities face each year. Nobody likes dealing with mosquitos and the diseases they bring so using chemicals and pesticides is an option but with other consequences. Mosquitos carry West Nile Virus that affects the city of Genericville every year with 50 cases projected this year in the city and two fatalities as well. On the other hand, the chemicals proposed for controlling the mosquito population has its own risks. The pesticide Malathion is also dangerous to people if they come in contact with it before it degrades. The potential for citizens of the city being exposed is almost a certainty

Could be toxic to kidneys and liver, the respiratory tract, and systems including the central nervous, cardiovascular, and the peripheral

In the early 1940’s, a new technology emerged that was able to successfully combat crop-damaging and disease-carrying insects. A new age of synthetic chemical pesticides use arose. After their impressive success in fighting deadly insect-borne diseases during World War II, pesticides were used widely to combat insect pests for agriculture and public health. Few people challenged the benefits of the new scientific and technological products and many embraced pesticide use with enthusiasm. Despite its success, doubts about pesticide use began to appear a decade later in the 1950’s, when the government began a vigorous pesticide campaign across the country against insect pests. Scientists began reporting heavy losses of avian and

With all this focus on the development of new drugs to combat malaria, an old effective method has been forgotten. The chemical DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) has proven effective in reducing malaria cases. Popularly used as a pesticide in the middle of the twentieth century, killed the mosquito population that was responsible for malaria related deaths. The number of people in India that contracted malaria in the 1940’s was approximately 75 million a year with 800,000 dying as a result. With the introduction of DDT, the number of cases dropped to 50,000 by 1961. Similar cases have been documented in Sri Lanka, where the number of cases dropped in 18 years from 3 million to 29 after the introduction of DDT (“DDT Delirium,” 2002). The difference in numbers is staggering.

I found myself once again facing defeat, seeking refuge behind the protection of my glass patio door. Summer evenings generally started out pleasantly on my porch, glistened with a beautiful sunset, followed by declining temperatures which provided respite from the heat. Disaster would invariably strike, however, with the inevitable onslaught of mosquitoes. The mosquitoes were unimpressed by my insistence on remaining environmentally conscious and disavowing products containing DEET. Pinpricks of swelling bumps peppered the lengths of my arms and legs, leaving me itchy, irritated, and defeated. Nevertheless, I was undaunted, and armed with science, I steeled myself for devastating counterattacks.

Bernard Malamud was born in Brooklyn by his Russian-Jewish parents. The family immigrated to Brooklyn in hopes of business opportunities, but his father had no luck and became only a small grocer. Malamud’s early life was unprosperous and misfortune. When Malamud was nine, he had severe pneumonia. He read lots of books and short stories in this time, which led him toward his writing career. Malamud’s experiences as a Jew changed the way he thought about writing. He put his culture into his books by religion, time period, and his own life. Malamud also has put made-up characters in his stories to represent real people.

marrying and becoming a father, Mahavira grew weary of his life and sought religious answers to his unhappiness. He grew significantly interested in a group of wandering ascetics in his village and desired to join in their order. Following the death of his parents, Mahavira turned his back in his wealth, bade farewell to his family, and set off to become a part of the ascetic group. To his despair, Mahavira did not seek answers amongst them and began practicing more strict asceticism. In addition to his belief in extreme asceticism, Mahavira believed one must practice ahimsa, or non-injury to life, in order to release the soul from this life. Thus, he went about his own path.

They can cause problems such as headaches, nausea, back pain, frequent allergies, brittle nails and hair, memory falling and a range of chronic diseases.

Malathion is an insecticide that is used primarily on crops to control insects. Malathion brakes down quickly when exposed to the elements like soil, water, and sunlight. Normally people are not exposed to this insecticide unless they are in the vicinity of the area that is being sprayed. Then the risk will be the spray that is in the air, or on surfaces that have been touched. (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov)

Health Risk Assessment of Malathion Use Malathion is an insecticide used for the control and elimination of many outdoor insects. 1 It has been cleared and registered for the use on food, feed and ornamental crops in both residential and agricultural environments. Malathion is similar to many other insecticides in the way it bonds with AChE (Acetylcholinesterase), which is an enzyme that breaks down Acetylcholine by bonding at the nerve junction. When Malathion’s metabolite “malaoxon” has bound to AChE, however, Acetylcholine itself will not break down. Instead it builds up at the nerve junction and due to this stockpile, overruns and overstimulates the nervous system. This is effective with many insects, including mosquitoes. Mosquitoes have unfortunately become the carrier of a multitude of diseases, and due to this many towns and states have decided that something must be done in order to help eradicate these disease-vessels. While a full-scale elimination would hurt the ecosystem, it is important for the survivability of an area to reduce the amount of mosquitoes within it. In order to reduce an organism’s numbers with an insecticide, the product must be evaluated and tested to ensure safety to the rest of the eco-community. A 4 step risk assessment must be conducted to identify and categorize the risks associated with a given product.