RAD132_W2_Skull_Montgomery

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School

Pima Medical Institute, Tucson *

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RAD128

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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RAD 132 – Skull Imaging Assignment Instructions Assignment: Skull Imaging Purpose and Preparation The purpose of this assignment is to identify errors, including repeatable errors, in X-ray images of the skull. In this assignment, you will identify errors in a set of three images and describe the corrections needed for overall improvement of these images. Remember that major or “repeatable” errors are specific errors that indicate the need for a repeat exposure regardless of the nature of the other errors. To prepare for this assignment, you should:  Watch the Anatomy, Pathology and Radiography of the Skull , Positioning Considerations of the Skull , and Image Evaluation videos in the Week 2 content.  Complete the Week 2 Skull Activity. Grading Criteria Criteria Exemplary Status Image label Correctly identifies the image number and image position/projection. Structures shown Completely identifies structures best demonstrated for the specific projection. Part positioning Demonstrates excellent understanding and identification of proper part positioning, including the use of proper terminology. Collimation and CR placement Demonstrates excellent ability to correctly identify evidence of proper collimation using proper terminology (e.g., CR alignment, including degree of angulation if appropriate; part to IR; and collimated borders (increased/decreased FOV)). Exposure criteria Demonstrates excellent evaluation of image quality as it relates to exposure factors (brightness and contrast, resolution). Anatomic side markers Excellent evaluation of image for acceptability for a legal document (e.g., correct marker, proper placement, and other positional identifiable markings). Acceptable/unacceptable (errors) Correctly identifies all unacceptable errors based on motion, collimation, and positioning. Corrections to improve image Accurately lists all corrections for repeatable errors.

RAD 132 – Skull Imaging Assignment Instructions Instructions for Completing this Assignment Name: Sadie Mae Montgomery Please be sure to type your name next to the Name label above. 1. Select three of these five images: Image 1 : Lateral Skull: 4-year-old Image 2 : Lateral Skull: 54-year-old posttraumatic injury Image 3 : AP Axial Skull (Towne) Image 4 : AP or PA skull Image 5 : AP or PA skull 2. For each image you select, identify the image and evaluate it for the radiographic categories that follow. Describe the corrections needed to improve the overall image. A. First Image Selected (1) Image number and description: Image 1 : (right) Lateral Skull: 4-year-old (2) Description of possible errors a. Structures shown: Lateral view of the cranium, Sella turcica seen in profile, Superimposed orbital roofs. b. Part positioning: Acceptable ; no rotation is evident by the sella turcica shown in profile, no tilt is evident by the superimposition of the orbital roofs. c. Collimation and CR placement: Acceptable centering, and collimation ; all anatomy of interest is included. d. Exposure criteria: Unacceptable; the image has a lot of motion. e. Anatomic side markers: Unacceptable; Right marker is missing. (3) Repeatable error(s): The motion in the film is enough to repeat the image. (4) Corrections that could be made to improve image: A shorter exposure time could be used on the repeat image, or a restraining device could be used to keep the patients head in place. A right-side marker should be placed on the IR in the exposure field but free of the desired anatomy. If possible, patient should have the earrings removed. B. Second Image Selected (1) Image number and description: Image 3 : AP Axial Skull (Towne) (2) Description of possible errors a. Structures shown: Foramen magnum, Petrous pyramids of temporal bones,

RAD 132 – Skull Imaging Assignment Instructions Occipital bone. b. Part positioning: Acceptable ; greater than 37 degree CR angulation was used – which shows entire foramen magnum. c. Collimation and CR placement: Acceptable ; d. Exposure criteria: Acceptable ; sharp bony margins with no motion e. Anatomic side markers: Unacceptable ; there was no side marker seen on image. (3) Repeatable error(s): No repeatable errors, besides side marker not being visible. (4) Corrections that could be made to improve image: Add L or R marker to image. C. Third Image Selected (1) Image number and description: Image 4 : AP or PA skull (2) Description of possible errors a. Structures shown: Frontal bone, Crista galli. b. Part positioning: Acceptable ; Petrous ridges at level of superior orbital margin. No rotation is evident by equidistance between orbits and lateral skull. c. Collimation and CR placement: Acceptable ; centering and collimation was finr, all desired anatomy is visible d. Exposure criteria: Acceptable ; sharp bony margins are visible indicating no motion. e. Anatomic side markers: Unacceptable ; no side marker is visible on the film. (3) Repeatable error(s): No side marker visible on film. (4) Corrections that could be made to improve image: Place L or R marker on film in the exposure field but free of desired anatomy. Writing Mechanics ● Use a 12-point font. ● Proofread and correct all errors in capitalization, punctuation, grammar, and spelling. Submission Instructions ● Save your file as a Word document (.docx).

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RAD 132 – Skull Imaging Assignment Instructions ● Add your name to the top-right corner of the document. ● Type your answers to the questions in the document. Remember to save your work periodically. ● Include the term Skull and your Last Name when saving your file. Example: Skull_Garcia.docx ● Upload your completed document using the Browse button, and then click the Submit button.