C204b_DoD and Theater Organizations and Processes_NOTES
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US ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE
Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) US Army Command and General Staff School
Command and General Staff Officer Course (CGSOC) Common Core
C200 Strategic Context of Operational Art Block AY 21-22
Advance Sheet for Lesson C204b
DoD and Theater Organization and Processes
1. SCOPE.
This lesson builds on the examination of the national security system conducted in C204a In this lesson, you will learn how the DoD is organized to pursue its responsibilities. You are introduced to selected DoD joint operations planning management processes and will examine the linkages between selected strategic and operational level guidance and direction documents that are produced by the national security system (e.g., the National Security Strategy (NSS), the Joint Strategic Campaign Plan (JSCP), and others). The goal of this lesson is to better understand how Combatant Commanders (CCDR) translate strategic direction and guidance into theater level operational plans. In addition, you gain a fundamental understanding of the functions, roles, and responsibilities of the organizations and key leaders within the Department of Defense.
At the end of this lesson, you should be familiar with:
The linkages between National, Department of Defense and Theater level documents and management processes.
The functions, roles, and responsibilities of the organization and key leaders within the Department of Defense.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES.
This lesson supports TLO-CC-9: “
Demonstrate how military forces, in conjunction with other instruments of national power, further US national interests in the international security environment,” as
listed in the block advance sheet. Bolded standards are the ones covered in this lesson.
ELO-CC-9.4
Action:
Explain the organizations and processes for developing and translating strategic guidance into guidance for planning and employing the Joint Force.
Condition:
Using national and DoD strategic guidance, joint doctrine, other references, research, computer-based instruction (CBIs), personal experience, and case studies for joint operations analysis and
planning at the strategic and operational levels.
Standard:
Explanation includes -
1. The composition, organization, and systems associated with the National Security Council
2.
The linkages between national, Department of Defense and theater level documents and
management processes
3. The functions, roles and responsibilities of the organizations and key leaders in the United States national security system
4. The role of Civil-Military relations in the processes
Learning Domain:
Cognitive
Level of Learning:
Comprehension
Only Standard 2 of ELO-CC-9.4 in bold will be covered in lesson C204b. The remainder are covered in C204a. C204b Advance Sheet
1
May 2021 (AY 21-22)
PLO Standards Supported:
1b. Comprehend context of the situation.
1d. Creatively design or revise concepts and ideas. 1g. Apply critical and creative thinking. 2a. Apply ethics, norms, and laws of the profession.
2c. Apply interpersonal skills, leadership, and followership
2d. Meet organizational-level challenges 3a. Apply knowledge of the nature and character of war.
3b. Apply the principles of war, conflict, and competition.
3c. Understand the utility of the military instrument of power.
3d. Understand the generation of military power through force management.
3e. Understand the relationship of the military instrument of power to the other instruments of national power.
4a. Analyze the security implications of the current and future operational environment.
4c. Evaluate historical, cultural, political, military, economic, innovative, technological, and other competitive forces.
4d. Identify and evaluate potential threats, opportunities, and risks.
5a. Apply law, policy and Joint and Army doctrine.
5b. Integrate Army, Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational capabilities and policies. 5e. Consider risk and resource limitations inherent in planning.
Special Areas of Emphasis (SAE) Supported: None
3. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS a.
First Requirement: Read the following before viewing the computer-based instruction (CBI): Read:
C204bRA
Constitution of the United States of America
, Article 1, Section 8 (Legislative Branch) and Article 2, Section 2 (Presidency) (2 pages). Available: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html
(accessed 7 September 2021). C204bRB
50 USC Ch.33
, Sections 1541-1544, War Powers Resolution, read the statutory language (2 pages). Available: https://uscode.house.gov/browse/prelim@title50/chapter33&edition=prelim
(accessed 7 September 2021) To access the reading, click “View” on the right side of the web page. C204bRC CJCSI 3100.01E, Joint Strategic Planning System, 21 May 2021, Enclosures B and C (9 pages). Available: https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Library/Instructions/CJCSI%203100.01E.pdf
(accessed 25 October 2021). C204bRD JP 1,
Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, 25 March 2013, Incorporating C1, 12 July 2017 (18 pages). Located in the Blackboard Master Library. Also available: https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp1_ch1.pdf
pages II-1 to II-13
pages V-1 to V-4 & V-13
C204bRE JP 5-0
, Joint Planning
, 01 December 2020 (12 pages). Located in the Blackboard Master Library. C204b Advance Sheet
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May 2021 (AY 21-22)
pages II-1 to II-9 para 1 to para 9b
pages. II-10 to II-12 & Section B. paragraph 11
C204bRF Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) Manual 5105 38-M
, Chapter 1, “Security Cooperation Overview and Relationships (4 pages). Available: http://www.samm.dsca.mil/chapter/chapter-1
(accessed 25 October 2021). Scan: C204bRG
Global Contingency Plans: A New Look at War Planning, LTC Dan Sukman, (9 pages). Available: https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/
November-December-2019/Sukman-Global-Contingency/
(accessed 7 September 2021). C204bRH DoDD 5100.01,
Functions of the Department of Defense and its Major Components, Change 1, 17 September 2020, pages. 1 to 7 (7 pages) includes the table of contents. Available: https://cgsc.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/xid-20590432_1
(accessed 7 September 2021). b
. Second Requirement:
View the computer-based instruction (CBI) and consider the following questions:
How do the roles and responsibilities differ between the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)? Describe the combatant commander’s relationships with: 1) the Secretary of Defense, 2) the CJCS, and 3) the Military Services. Who are key leaders within DoD?
What are the major documents that inform the combatant commander and their staff?
Describe the role of the OSD and the Joint Staff?
How do National Guard and reserve forces fit into DoD and theater organization?
How can you distinguish between Security Cooperation and Security Assistance Programs?
What responsibility does the Department of State have for Security Assistance Programs? c. Third Requirement: Take the C204b Blackboard quiz located at the bottom of the C204b lesson
folder. 4. ASSESSMENT PLAN You are assessed for the material in this lesson in two parts, the C204b Blackboard (worth 5% of your C200 block grade) quiz and the C200 Exam (worth 40% of your C200 block grade). The C200 assessment plan is thoroughly explained in the C200 Block Advance Sheet.
Lesson Description
In this lesson, you will learn how the DOD is organized to pursue its responsibilities, be introduced to
select DOD joint operations planning management processes, and examine the linkages between C204b Advance Sheet
3
May 2021 (AY 21-22)
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select strategic and operational level guidance and direction documents that are produced by the national security system (e.g., the
National Security Strategy
(NSS), the
Joint Strategic Campaign Plan
(JSCP), and others).
Lesson Units
Preparation:
Introduces the key topics for the lesson.
DOD Organization:
Discusses DOD and theater organization and processes.
Summary Review:
Reviews the key topics from the lesson.
The goal of this lesson is to better understand how combatant commanders translate strategic direction and guidance into theater level operational plans, with specific attention to the theater campaign plan (TCP).
In addition, you will gain a fundamental understanding of JSPS, JOPES/APEX, and how interagency
partners influence planning at the theater level.
Finally, you will be introduced to security cooperation, its key subcategories, and the general types of security cooperation activities that combatant commanders address in theater campaign plans.
Keep these questions in mind throughout the lesson:
How do the roles and responsibilities differ between the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)?
What are the combatant commander’s relationships with: 1) the Secretary of Defense, 2) the CJCS, and 3) the Military Services.
Who are key leaders within DoD?
What are the major documents that inform the combatant commander and their staff?
What is the role of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the Joint Staff?
How do National Guard and Reserve forces fit into DoD and theater organization?
How can you distinguish between Security Cooperation and Security Assistance programs?
What responsibility does the Department of State have for Security Assistance programs?
The lesson objectives are to fundamentally understand:
How DOD is organized.
What systems DOD uses to manage joint operation planning.
How national security direction and guidance is disseminated down to the combatant commander to guide the development of theater strategy and the theater campaign plan.
Only Congress can declare war. There is no provision for voting within the National Security Council.
Congress declares war, the President then commands the forces engaged in war.
A sub-unified command, or subordinate unified command, may be established by combatant commanders when authorized to do so by the Secretary of Defense or the president.
Congratulations, you answered correctly. The logical order for these documents is:
National Security Strategy (NSS)
Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP)
Theater Campaign Plan (TCP)
Unified Command Plan (UCP) – Signed by the president
Theater Campaign Plan (TCP) and Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) are NOT
C204b Advance Sheet
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May 2021 (AY 21-22)
Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the Army Reserve, and Secretary of the Air Force are not
service chiefs (USCG forces serve as part of DHS under Title 14 unless specifically transferred by the President to the Navy under Title 10).
Note that the Chief of the National Guard Bureau
is
a member of the JCS.
The operational chain of command is:
President of the United States
Secretary of Defense
Combatant commander
JTF/Service component commander
Service/functional component commander
Corps/division/brigade/company
Reflect on These Questions
How do the roles and responsibilities differ between the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)?
How would you describe the combatant commander’s relationships with: a) the SecDef, b) the CJCS, and c) the Military Services?
How does contingency planning relate to campaign planning?
What is the difference between security assistance and security cooperation?
The SecDef is responsible for all aspects of five main “components”:
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Joint Staff
Military Services
Combatant Commands
DOD Agencies
The CJCS responsibilities, aside from advice, focus on the development of joint:
Concepts
Doctrine
Capabilities
Requirements
Training
C204b Advance Sheet
5
May 2021 (AY 21-22)
C204b Advance Sheet
6
May 2021 (AY 21-22)
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Combatant Commander’s Relationships
Direct access by CCDRs is at SecDef’s prerogative; normally mediated by CJCS. CJCS is the senior
military officer
—
does not command, but has guidance and directive authority beyond that of a chief of staff. CJCS typically serves as “the voice” of CCDRs to the SecDef and POTUS. Title 10, USC, states that POTUS
may
direct that communications between POTUS/
SecDef and the CCDRs be transmitted though the CJCS; in the current UCP it says that these communications
shall
be transmitted via the CJCS.
The direct operational line to the Military Services is via service component commanders. Military Service chiefs influence CCDRs via JS (OPSDEPs) and CJCS. Services submit contributions to CCDRs via UCP and JSCP guidelines.
C204b Advance Sheet
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May 2021 (AY 21-22)
How does contingency planning relate to campaign planning?
CCMD campaign plans provide the vehicle for linking current operations to contingency plans. Planning for a campaign is appropriate when the contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single operation. A CCDR’s strategy and resultant campaign plan should be designed to achieve prioritized campaign objectives and serve as the integrating framework that informs and synchronizes all subordinate and supporting planning and operations. Campaign planning results in a theater campaign plan and a theater security cooperation plan. The TSCP supports accomplishment of the TCP’s objectives.
C204b Advance Sheet
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May 2021 (AY 21-22)
Contingency planning results in one of four types of plans, based on the level of detail involved.
An OPLAN (the most detailed type of plan)
A CONPLAN
A BASEPLAN
A Commander’s Estimate (the least detailed type of plan)
The level of detail in the plan will be based on many factors, not the least of which is the time available until the plan is envisioned to be executed.
Plans developed to respond to contingencies are best understood as branches to the overarching campaign plan, and address potential threats, catastrophic events, and contingent missions without a crisis at hand. They are based on hypothetical situations and rely heavily on assumptions regarding the circumstances that will exist when a crisis arises.
Security Cooperation = DOD. Security Assistance = DOS.
A combatant commander will include Security Cooperation activities within their corresponding theater strategies and campaign plans (specifically the Theater Security Cooperation Plan (TSCP)).
The difference as noted in the DOD security cooperation manual is that:
SC comprises all activities undertaken by the Department of Defense (DOD) to encourage and enable international partners to work with the United States to achieve strategic objectives. It includes all DOD interactions with foreign defense and security establishments, including all DOD-
administered security assistance (SA) programs, that build defense and security relationships; promote specific US security interests, including all international armaments cooperation activities C204b Advance Sheet
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and SA activities; develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations; and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to host nations.
However, 22 USC Section 2304 states:
The term “security assistance” is a specific term for a group of programs that primarily involve Department Of State laws (Title 22 USC) and authorities authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) and the Arms Export Control Act (AECA).
All SC efforts under the CCDR’s responsibility must be captured and managed through the corresponding theater strategies and campaign plans.
Goals of This Lesson
Better understand how combatant commanders translate strategic direction and guidance into theater level operational plans, with specific attention to the theater campaign plan (TCP).
C204b Advance Sheet
10
May 2021 (AY 21-22)
Gain a fundamental understanding of JSPS, JOPES/APEX, and how interagency partners influence planning at the theater level.
Introduce security cooperation, its key subcategories, and the general types of security cooperation activities that combatant commanders address in theater campaign plans.
C204b Advance Sheet
11
May 2021 (AY 21-22)