1_ScientificMethod_StudyGuide_GEOL101

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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill *

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101

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Geology

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May 6, 2024

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docx

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GEOL101 Study Questions for Lesson 1: The Scientific Method Use these questions to evaluate your knowledge of the material to better target concepts you should study further. They can provide a personalized road map of what concepts you need to focus on. The following questions will help you review the MAJOR concepts and relationships you should understand and may not comprehensively cover every question on the exam for this unit. Many of the questions require synthesis and integrate several concepts; they will take you some time to complete. Therefore, you work through these questions as we cover them in class to allow enough time for you to identify areas you need to study in more detail. Trying to complete this study guide hours before the exam will be overwhelming and is not the best approach for concept mastery. You do not have to submit this for a grade. In addition to these questions, you should review all assigned readings and videos, assignments, quizzes, and handouts. The Scientific Method Study Questions 1. In your own words summarize the scientific method. a. Systematic approach for collecting and accumulating knowledge used to learn how natural systems work b. 7 steps 2. What are observations and interpretations? How do they differ? List examples of each. a. Observations are made by using your 5 senses b. Interpretation is an educated guess made from previous knowledge 3. Explain the difference between a question and a hypothesis. Give an example of a question and then reformulate that question into a hypothesis. a. A logical yet unrefuted explanation that fits the data, used to make predictions about future observations b. Testable statement c. Questions is just curiosity that the researcher has about something 4. Write down your observations and interpretations of the picture below. Then from your observations/interpretations, formulate a question. Revise your question into a hypothesis. Explain how you would go about testing that hypothesis to support or refute it. Is this a mensurative or manipulative study? Note: your answers don’t have to be scientifically accurate as you may not yet have the background knowledge for a critical assessment, but they must be logical, internally consistent, and follow the steps of the scientific method. a. Big blue hole surrounded by what looks like reefs b. there is a boat leaving the blue circle and another boat still inside of it c. What is surrounding the Blue hole? d. If reefs are surrounding the blue circle then it is a safe haven for fish and other creatures from other parts of the water
This feature is located ~40 miles off the coast of Belize in the warm, shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico. It’s 1000 feet across and 400 feet deep. The rock surrounding it is limestone. Divers observe stalactites within. 5. Summarize the strong inference approach to science. Discuss its benefits. a. It is two hypotheses that can not both be true so they are tested against each other, and it is important that the hypotheses are made before you do the experiment 6. Discuss how Karl Popper distinguishes science from pseudoscience. How does this support the aims of the strong inference approach? a. The big difference Popper identifies between science and pseudo-science is a difference in attitude. While a pseudo-science is set up to look for evidence that supports its claims, Popper says,   a science is set up to challenge its claims and look for evidence that might prove it false . 7. Explain why scientists use words like support or refute when discussing hypotheses and theories instead of prove or disprove. a. Because you cannot absolutely prove or disapprove a hypothesis because science is always evolving – hypotheses are continually being refined with the new evidence 8. How is a theory different and similar to a hypothesis? a. It is similar to a hypothesis because it is an explanation for a set of related observations based on a hypothesis that have been repeatedly verified by many researches. Beside that a hypothesis is part of a theory they are not similar as a hypothesis is an idea proposed for argument 9. Discuss 2 limitations of the scientific method. a. Human error b. Limited to phenomena that can be observed or measured Vocabulary Practice
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