EE316 Lab 2 Report Anderson

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American Military University *

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Electric Circuits & Electronics Design Lab EE 316-03 Lab 1: Circuits Review By: William Anderson Lab Section 316-03 Lab Date: 8/24/20 Lab Due: 9/06/20

2 Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to review concepts of circuit theory and concepts and techniques that will be used throughout the EE 316 Lab Course. More precisely Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, and Norton and Thevenin equivalents will all be evaluated using theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimentation. This report will be broken down into five sections. First will be the Theoretical analysis that would normally be done before the experiment. Next will be the Multisim simulations that would also normally be completed before the experiment. Next will be the physical circuits constructed in the lab. Then, analysis will be performed on all three prior sections. Lastly, the report will conclude with an overview of the results. Theoretical Analysis: To start off with, analysis was performed on the circuit given in Figure 1 using mesh current analysis to find branch currents, node voltages, loop currents, and branch voltages. To do so first a few assumptions had to be made as to the value of various components. The assumptions made are as follows: Vs = 5.0 V R1 = R2 = R3 = 100 Ohms R4 = R5 = 1000 Ohms R6 = R7 = 2200 Ohms The analysis was performed three times. The first time the resistors were used with the listed values. The second time the resistors were ten percent below the listed values. The third time the resistors were used with 10% above the listed values. The work for this analysis is attached in Appendix A. The results of the analysis can be seen in Tables 1 through 3.

3 Figure 1: Circuit Being Analyzed Table 1: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at Listed Values Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 3.6339 4.6366 3.6339 2 0.2719 2.7188 4.5461 1.6500 3 0.0915 0.9152 4.3647 0.9152 4 0.9150 0.9152 3.6299 5 0.7348 0.7348 6 4.3647 1.9840 7 3.6299 1.6500 Table 2: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at -10% Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 4.0378 4.6366 4.0377 2 0.2719 3.0211 4.5461 1.8333 3 0.0915 1.0167 4.3647 1.0166

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4 4 0.9150 10.1667 3.6299 5 0.7348 0.8164 6 4.3647 2.2056 7 3.6299 1.8333 Table 3: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at +10% Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 3.3036 4.6366 3.3036 2 0.2719 2.4716 4.5461 0.8320 3 0.0915 0.8320 4.3647 1.5000 4 0.9150 0.8320 3.6299 5 0.7348 0.6680 6 4.3647 1.8036 7 3.6299 1.5000 The next task was theoretical analysis on the circuit in Figure 2 to calculate both the Norton and Thevenin equivalents. Figure 2: Circuit for Norton and Thevenin Equivalents

5 The following was assumed for the circuit: Vs = 5.0 V R1 = R2 = R3 = 1000 Ohms The calculations for finding the V oc and I sc as well as sketches of the two equivalent circuits can be found in Appendix A. Below are the final calculated values: V oc = 2.5 V I sc = 1.66mA R th = 1500 Ω Simulations: For the next portion of the lab, Multisim was used to build and analyze the circuits. Figure 1 was once again used with the same values as used during calculations. The created circuit with branch voltages can be seen in Figure 3 and with branch currents in Figure 4.

6 Figure 3: Branch Voltages with Resistors at Listed Values Figure 4: Branch Currents with Resistors at Listed Values. Table 4: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at Listed Values (Simulated) Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 3.6339 4.6366 3.6339 2 0.2719 2.7188 4.5461 1.6500 3 0.0915 0.9152 4.3647 0.9152 4 0.9150 0.9152 3.6299

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7 5 0.7348 0.7348 6 4.3647 1.9840 7 3.6299 1.6500 Table 5: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at -10% (Simulated) Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 4.0378 4.6366 4.0377 2 0.2719 3.0211 4.5461 1.8333 3 0.0915 1.0167 4.3647 1.0166 4 0.9150 10.1667 3.6299 5 0.7348 0.8164 6 4.3647 2.2056 7 3.6299 1.8333 Table 6: Voltages and Currents with Resistors at +10% (Simulated) Branch Node/Loop Number Branch Voltages (V) Branch Currents (mA) Node Voltages (V) Loop Currents (mA) 1 0.3634 3.3036 4.6366 3.3036 2 0.2719 2.4716 4.5461 0.8320 3 0.0915 0.8320 4.3647 1.5000 4 0.9150 0.8320 3.6299 5 0.7348 0.6680 6 4.3647 1.8036 7 3.6299 1.5000 Lastly, the analysis was repeated on the Norton and Thevenin equivalent circuits once more using the circuit in Figure 2. Figures 5 shows the open circuit voltage, and Figure 6 shows the short

8 circuit current. Figure 5: Open Circuit Voltage Figure 6: Short Circuit Current Conclusion: In conclusion there were no discrepancies between the theoretical and simulation results. All of the concepts planned to be verified were shown to be true by the results of the lab. Additionally the lab served to introduce Multisim which will be used through the entire semester.

9 Appendix A:

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