Experiment- Kinetics

Consider the given reaction in which NC−NC− is the nucleophile and CH3CNCH3CN is the solvent. The reactant molecule has a structure with solid and dashed wedge bonds. A solid wedge () is used to show the bond that is above the plane of the paper, and a dashed wedge () is used to show the bond that is behind the plane of the paper. Draw the product of the following reaction:

The conversion of (CH3)3CI to (CH3)2C=CH2 can occur by either a onestepor a two-step mechanism, as shown in Equations [1] and [2]. Question: Assume Equation [2] represents an endothermic reaction and that the product of the rate-determining step is higher in energy than thereactants or products. Draw an energy diagram for this two-stepreaction. Label the axes, reactants and products for each step, and theEa and ΔHo for each step. Label ΔHo overall. Draw the structure for bothtransition states.

Please

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - PERICYCLIC REACTIONS Draw the mechanism, explain the stereochemistry of the products, indicate the type of reaction.

For each reaction in question 20, sketch a reaction coordinate energy diagram indicating the starting materials, transition states and any intermediates, if present, in the reaction. Don't worry about the absolute energy of starting materials and products but you can assume that the product is more stable than the starting materials.

Write the mechanism for the following reaction. 1. Et₂N, heat 2. Br

+ CH3OH methanol Suppose you were told that the above reaction was a substitution reaction but you were not told the mechanism. Evaluate the following categories to determine the reaction mechanism and then draw the structure of the major organic product. Type of alkyl halide: Type of nucleophile: Solvent: Is the product racemic? ***** • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. • If the reaction produces a racemic mixture, just draw one stereoisomer. Sn [1 ? ChemDoodleⓇ 1

MISTRY 2400 EXPERIMENT 7: BROMINATION OF CINNAMIC ACID WINTER 2022 For the trans isomer of cinnamic acid: Draw the structure of the trans isomer of cinnamic acid and the structure of the intermediate bromonium ion. Note that the bromonium ion can exist as two enantiomeric forms. You should draw both of these isomeric forms. Draw the structures of the two dibrominated products which can form when a bromide ion adds to the bromonium ion intermediate. These must be drawn to show the correct stereochemistry. Assign the chiral carbons as R or S. L. 20 Based on the information in the introduction, what is the expected melting point of these + enantiomeric products? yONng pont, which set of stereoisomers

CH3 CH3 Br- Br2 .CH3 CH2Cl2 CH3 H3C H3C Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Brɔ, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH,Cl,. In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C :Br: :Br:

Explain why methyl alcohol reacts with HBr faster than other primary alcohols?

The rate of elimination of cis-1-bromo-4(1,1-dimethyl)cyclohexane is proportional to the concentration of both substrate and base, but that of the trans isomer is proportional only to the concentration of the substrate. a) draw the structures of cis and trans 1-bromo-4(1,1,-dimethyl)cyclohexane b) explain the difference in kinetics between the elimination reaction of cis and trans isomers.

Draw the most stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction. CH3 CH3 CH3COCI/ AICI3 H₂C. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.

Using the table of average bond dissociation enthalpies at 25°C, determine which of the following reactions are energetically favorable at room temperature. Assume that ▲S = 0. Q.CH2=CH2 + CH4 --> CH3CH2CH3

2) Organocuprates are important nucleophile in organic chemistry. They are usually generated from Grignard reagents (equation below). Draw a picture of the transition state for this reaction and why is the product formation favorable. CuR MgBrl Cul + +

Explain why these alkyl halides form carbocations at different rates. Your answer should use some chemical representation, not only words. Br Br forms carbocation forms carbocation slower faster

1. 2-Chloro-2-methylpropene reacts with water in three steps to yield 2-methyl-2-propanol.  The first step is slower than the second, which in turn is much slower that the third.  The reaction takes place slowly at room temperature, and the equilibrium constant is approximately 1.  Which of the energy diagrams for the reaction are drawn and labeled correctly.  Make sure the energy levels are consistent with the information given.

What is the slow, rate-determining step, in the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2- butanol? Loss of a b-hydrogen from the carbocation to form an alkene. Protonation of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. Loss of water from the oxonium ion to form a carbocation. The simultaneous loss of a B-hydrogen and water from the oxonium ion.

Predict the products of this organic reaction: || CH3 CH₂ C−NH−CH3 + H₂O + HCI Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching. If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. A No Reaction ? Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. Ś Ć

Draw the least stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction. CEN Br₂/FeBra • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. Br CEN I

For the given SN2 reaction, draw the organic and inorganic products of the reaction, and identify the nucleophile, substrate, and leaving group. Organic product Inorganic product Br

Use the following reaction and information to answer a and b. 2ClO2(aq)+2OH-(aq)-->ClO-(aq)+Cl2-(aq)+H2O(l) [ClO2](M) [OH-](M) Initial rate (M/s) 0.060 0.030 0.0248 0.020 0.030 0.00276 0.020 0.090 0.00828 a. What is the order of this reaction in respect to ClO2, with respect to OH-, and the overall order? Assume the rate law has the form rate=k[ClO2]a[OH-]b b. What is the value of the rate constant? Include the units and why the unit make sense.

Q6: Consider the following reaction: (CH3) 3CBR + H20 (CH3) 3COH + HBr 1. a: What will happen to the rate of the reaction if [ (CH3) 3CBr] is doubled b: What will happen to the rate of the reaction if [H0] is doubled c: What will happen to the rate of the reaction if both [ (CH3) 3CB1] and [H20] are doubled

2. The following carbocation is generated as an intermediate in the addition of H-Br to an alkene. Draw the structure of all possible alkenes that could have formed this intermediate.

Draw the most stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction. CH3 CH3 CH3CI / AICI3 • H3C • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.

The SN2 type reaction will end up with the substitution 2903 the at the reaction center of the reaction. 903 182903 SEY 9037

What about the second step in the electrophilic addition of HCl to an alkene-the reaction of chloride ion with the carbocation intermediate? Is this step exergonic or endergonic? Does the transition state for this second step resemble the reactant (carbocation) or the product (alkyl chloride)? Make a rough diagram of what the transition state may look like?

Predict the product of this organic reaction: OH [0] + H₂O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of P. If there isn't any P because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. Note for advanced students: you can assume the reaction is run under mild conditions.