chem lab report 6 PDF

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School

Lorain County Community College *

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Course

171

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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8

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Esber 1 Morgan Esber, Tyler Dye, Josh Higgins, John Holbrook 11/02/2023 Lab 6: Chemical Reactions Goal: The primary objective of this laboratory experiment is to develop and demonstrate proficiency in essential chemical skills and techniques. This involves planning, executing, and analyzing a chemical reaction and identifying an unknown compound based on its distinctive characteristics. Specifically, in Part 1 of the lab, the goal is to meticulously design and perform a chemical reaction converting Na 2 CO 3 and HCl into NaCl, ensuring 1.000 g of NaCl synthesis. Achieving this target will necessitate precise stoichiometric calculations to determine the required quantities of reactants and the subsequent calculation of the reaction's percent yield as an indicator of success. In Part Two, the objective is to identify an unknown compound, which could be one of the following: Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , or KHCO 3 . The challenge is to differentiate among these chemically similar substances through rigorous tests and analytical techniques, thus showcasing the ability to discern subtle differences in physical and chemical properties. To attain these goals effectively, thorough preparation and a comprehensive understanding of the lab procedures before the actual experiment are essential, ensuring a higher likelihood of success and minimizing the risk of time constraints. Background: Chemistry, as a discipline, hinges upon fundamental laboratory skills that empower scientists to manipulate matter, engineer chemical reactions, and draw valuable insights from their outcomes. Among these proficiencies, the ability to judiciously select reagents, determine appropriate quantities, isolate the desired product in its pure form, and gauge the
Esber 2 success of a reaction through percent yield calculations is one of the cornerstones of chemical experimentation. We aim to develop and demonstrate these critical laboratory skills in this laboratory endeavor by tackling a two-part challenge. The first segment of this lab centers on transforming sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) into sodium chloride (NaCl). This task necessitates a comprehensive understanding of reaction design and execution. Participants must make informed choices about all aspects of the reaction, from the selection of reagents to the precise quantities of substances involved. The ultimate objective is to synthesize 1.000 grams of sodium chloride, a target that mandates careful stoichiometric calculations to ascertain the quantities of reactants needed and the subsequent calculation of the reaction's percent yield to measure its success. In the second part of the lab, participants are presented with an intriguing puzzle—a sample of an unknown compound. The identity of this compound could be one of four possibilities: sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), or potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ). These compounds are notably similar in their physical and chemical properties, adding a layer of complexity to the identification process. Distinguishing among these closely related substances will require combining chemical tests, analytical techniques, and a keen eye for subtle differences. To ensure the successful completion of this laboratory exercise, it is paramount that students take the time to read and digest the provided handout carefully. Furthermore, conducting additional preparation before and between lab sessions, possibly at home, will significantly enhance the likelihood of a successful outcome and prevent time-related challenges. With this
Esber 3 understanding and preparation, students can approach the lab with confidence and the requisite skills to tackle these fundamental challenges in chemistry. Approach: In the initial planning phase, be open to multiple possibilities. Consider and plan for crucial aspects of the reaction, including the selection of reactants, the required quantities of each reactant, the choice of limiting and excess reagents, the potential need for a solvent, appropriate glassware, and methods for isolating the final product. Devise a strategy for removing byproducts and unreacted starting materials to obtain pure NaCl. Develop a balanced chemical equation for the intended reaction. Collaborate with lab partners to create a detailed proposal for the reaction. We started by brainstorming different ways to make a chemical reaction so the Na 2 CO 3 and HCl would produce sodium chloride. The original ideas for step one are as follows: do stoichiometry to decide how much of each substance to use and then mix them together, put it in a beaker on a hot plate, and see if it would create sodium chloride. After starting the experiment, we realized that this plan worked very well. In this experiment, the task was given to create 1 g of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) through chemical means. First, find the correct formula and chemicals to use. Also, to calculate the amount of each chemical to use. The Balanced Chemical Equation that will be used is Na 2 CO 3 + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O. Then, calculate the amount of reactants to use to create 1 g of NaCl. Brainstorm various reactants that could be added to Na 2 CO 3 to yield NaCl. We set up the second half of the lab the same way we set up and approached the first part. The only difference is that we added a flame test and figured out the pH of the unknown. For the second part of the lab, we researched and created a plan for identifying your unknown compound. Strategize chemical or physical analyses needed to determine the identity of the unknown. Plan to carry out a minimum of four separate analyses or
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