ACC550 Final Milestone

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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550

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Accounting

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Jun 3, 2024

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docx

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1 Quantitative Analysis Southern New Hampshire University ACC550: Cost Accounting Gina Smith March 6, 2022
2 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis is a beneficial tool for management and can assist in solving problems in regards to the economic situation of a company. The techniques used by this method help managers to understand relationships within the company between sales incomes, profits, costs, production volume and break-even points. (Busan & Dina, 2009) These details can help to forecast the business and make informed decisions. One of the most helpful parts of CVP analysis is its ability to provide situation specific details ahead of time by using different variables. This allows for more effective short-term planning. For example, the Hampshire Company wanted to look at a specific offer from a local tour company to purchase umbrellas at a lower rate. By using CVP analysis (see spreadsheet), we can look at all of the variables and make an educated decision about whether or not the offer is a good business choice. In this particular case we took the offer of $11.00 per umbrella to make 5,000 units and compared that to the original production and costs. Even with some minor additional fixed costs, the reduction per unit of $1.50, and the decreased contribution margin, the company would ultimately increase their operating income by $9,000.00 by producing the umbrellas for the tour company. At first glance, this may not have appeared to be a good business offer, but by using the CVP analysis, the Hampshire Company could make a good business decision to move forward with the offer and increase their profit for the period. Implications Businesses also need to have a way to determine if their product is profitable and where the break-even point is. The CVP analysis is a tool that can assist with this. By using the fixed costs and contribution margin, a company can determine how many units need to be sold in order
3 to just break-even without a loss. (Datar & Rajan, 2022) For the Hampshire Company, the CVP analysis took the fixed costs amount of $295,525.00 and divided that by the contribution margin of $6.50, which determined that they would need to sell 45,465 units in order to break-even. Since they sold 60,000 units, they can see easily that they have a profitable business. By learning the break-even point, they can set appropriate goals for the short-term to ensure that the company remains profitable and assist with unexpected sales changes that may arise. The Cost-Volume-Profit analysis is a great tool for companies to have a more upper-level overview of the business situation. Since the economy is always changing, having a tool available to see where changes can influence the overall business is pertinent. The CVP analysis is something that offers this information in a simple way and allows for necessary business decisions to made quickly when necessary. Inventory Management Inventory management is an important tool for the Hampshire Company. Inventory management is a process used to manage a company’s inventory, including the ordering, use, storage and sales of product and supplies. Its purpose is to create efficiency in the inventory and prevent shortages or over-purchasing. The two main types of inventory management are JIT (just-in-time), and MRP (materials requirement planning). (Hayes, 2022) For the Hampshire company, implementing the JIT inventory system has pros and cons. This type of inventory system keeps just enough inventory on hand to keep up with the current demand. While this can keep the costs lower over time, it can cause issues. The benefits of this system are that it keeps the costs lower by reducing waste, warehouse space, and time. The downside to that is that if demand changes or supply costs increase, it can prevent the company from being able to keep up with the
4 demand. They could become unable to provide the product to those that need or want it, or the costs could increase so much that the profit margin would be reduced without drastically increasing the sale price of the items being sold. (Teeboom, 2019) Given the two inventory system options, the pros do outweigh the cons for the JIT system. Utilizing the JIT inventory system would benefit the Hampshire Company because it reduces the overhead costs, including the warehouse space needed to store them and the labor needed to produce the umbrellas. This is because umbrellas are not typically needed all year round, and therefore there will be slow seasons of the year. By using the JIT inventory system, they can reduce the amount of work needed for production in the slower time, as well as reduce the need to store large amounts of product, or monitor the stored product, in those slower periods of time. (Teeboom, 2019) While the JIT inventory system has its benefits, the MRP inventory system is the system that I would recommend for the Hampshire Company. This system manufactures goods for inventory based upon the expected demand in the future. (Datar & Rajan, 2022) The need for umbrellas is easy trackable, and therefore would be easy to plan for demand. This would then allow the company to produce the inventory they anticipate needing for a larger period, which would potentially reduce the cost of supplies and labor. They would have the ability to buy the supplies needed in higher quantities which would reduce the cost greatly, which would then potentially increase the profit margin and overall operating income. It would also offer protection from the issues with supply and demand that could affect production and production costs. Along with the inventory management, choosing the best cost allocation method is also very important. The two types of cost allocation are variable costing and absorption costing.
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