Interpretation:
The energy change for the given reaction is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Ionization energy is the energy required when an electron is removed from a gaseous atom.
Answer to Problem 90AP
Solution:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given information: The reaction is as follows:
The given reaction is as follows:
In this reaction, lithium loses an electron whereas iodine gains an electron.
With reference tofigure
The ionization energy of lithium is
With reference tofigure
The electron affinity of iodine is
Add equations(1) and (2) as follows:
Therefore, the energy change for the reactionis
(b)
Given information: The reaction is as follows:
The given reaction is as follows:
In this reaction, sodium loses an electron whereas fluorine gains an electron.
With referencetofigure
The ionization energy of sodium is
With referencetofigure
The electron affinity of fluorine is
Add equation (3) and (4) as follows:
Therefore, the energy change for the reaction is
(c)
Given information: The reaction is as follows:
The given reaction is as follows:
In the above reaction, potassium loses an electron whereas chlorine gains an electron.
With referencetofigure
The ionization energy of lithium is
With referencetofigure
The electron affinity of iodine is
Add equations(5) and (6) as follows:
Therefore, the energy change for the reaction is
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
- Consider the following data for nickel: atomic mass electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 58.693 1.91 112. 737.1 g mol 17.2 kJ mol kJ mol kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Ni (g) → Ni(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (2) Ni' (g) + e Ni (g) - Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): Orelease O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/mol O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/molarrow_forwardg 6.941 mol atomic mass electronegativity 0.98 kJ 59.6 mol electron affinity kJ 520.2 mol ionization energy kJ 3.0 mol heat of fusion Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? O release O absorb (1) Li (g) + e Li(g) O Can't be decided with the data given. Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? O yes no If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): I kJ/mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? O release O absorb (2) Li(g) → Li (g) + e O Can't be decided with the data given. Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? O yes O no If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): I kJ/molarrow_forwardArrange the following sets of ions in order of decreasing ionic radii. (a) Br,I, S² , Se²- (b) Ba2+, Ca?+ Sr²+arrow_forward
- Potassium and hydrogen react to form the ionic compoundpotassium hydride. (a) Write a balanced equation for thisreaction. (b) Use data in Figures 7.10 and 7.12 to determinethe energy change in kJ/mol for the following two reactions:K(g) + H(g) ----> K+(g) + H-(g)K(g) + H(g) ------>K-(g) + H+(g)(c) Based on your calculated energy changes in (b), which ofthese reactions is energetically more favorable (or less unfavorable)?(d) Is your answer to (c) consistent with the descriptionof potassium hydride as containing hydride ions?arrow_forwardWrite the electron configuration for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements (which form the greatest concentration of monatomic ions in seawater):(a) Cl(b) Na(c) Mg(d) Ca(e) K(f) Br(g) Sr(h) Farrow_forward2. Which one of each of the following pairs has the higher ionization energy? Explain in detail for each case. (a) Na or K (b) Ве or B (с) В or C (d) N or O F or Ne (f) Mg or Mg* Ne or Naarrow_forward
- Consider the following data for sodium: atomic mass electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 22.990 0.93 52.8 495.8 g mol 2.60 kJ mol kJ mol kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Na (g) Na(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (2) Na(g) Na (g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes Ono kJ/mol O release O absorb O Can't be decided with the data given. O yes O no kJ/molarrow_forwardQ1. This question is about atomic structure. (a) Write the full electron configuration for each of the following species. CH Fe2+ (b) Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the process that occurs when the third ionisation energy of manganese is measured. (c) State which of the elements magnesium and aluminium has the lower first ionisation energy Explain your answer. (d) A sample of nickel was analysed in a time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The sample was ionised by electron impact ionisation. The spectrum produced showed three peaks with abundances as set out in the table. m/z Abundance /% 58 61.0 60 29.1 61 9.9 Give the symbol, including mass number, of the ion that would reach the detector first in the sample. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the nickel in the sample. Give your answer to one decimal place. Page 2 of 12 Symbol of ion Relative atomic massarrow_forwardConside following data for yttrium: atomic mass 88.906 electronegativity electron affinity ionization energy heat of fusion 29.6 Y 1.22 600. 11.4 g mol kJ mol kJ mol You may find additional useful data in the ALEKS Data tab. + (2) Y (g) →Y (g) + e kJ mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? (1) Y(g) + e Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no kJ/mol release absorb Can't be decided with the data given. yes no П kJ/molarrow_forward
- Which of the following reactions represents an electron gain energy that would be positive (i.e. endothermic). O(g) → O+(g) + e- Ne(g) + e- → Ne-(g) O(g) + e- → O-(g) I(g) → I+(g) + e- I(g) + e- → I-(g) Ne(g) → Ne+(g)+ e- fast plzarrow_forwardConsider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and X are elements. The A – A bond length in this molecule is d1, and the four A – X bond lengths are each d2 (a) In terms od d1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii of atoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predict for the X-X bond length of an X2 molecule?arrow_forward6.941 mol atomic mass electronegativity 0.98 kJ 59.6 mol electron affinity kJ 520.2 mol ionization energy kJ 3.0 mol heat of fusion Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? O release O absorb (1) Li (g) + e Li(g) O Car be decided with the data given. Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1) using only the data above? O yes O no If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (1): O k/mol Does the following reaction absorb or release energy? O release O absorb (2) Li(g) → Li (g) + e O Can't be decided with the data given. Is it possible to calculate the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2) using only the data above? O yes O no If you answered yes to the previous question, enter the amount of energy absorbed or released by reaction (2): I kJ/molarrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning