Introduction:
There are two types of animal behavior, namely the instinctive behavior and the learned behavior. The instinctive behavior is functional and is in a complete form. This is present in an organism from birth and is a genetically programmed response. The learned behavior is the behavior that the species repeat after observing an adult of the same species. This behavior may be necessary for the survival of that species.
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
Marler concluded that the white-crowned sparrows learn their species song during the critical period of their development.
Explanation of Solution
Justification/explanation for the correct answer:
Option (b) states that “the song could be learned by white-crowned sparrows if they listened to their species in the critical period of their developmental stage.” The sparrows can sing their species song by the age of 200 days. Hence, option (b) is correct.
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) states that “the white-crowned sparrows can only learn their species song after receiving the treatments of hormone.” Hormone treatment will not help these species to learn their species song as they learn the song during the period of their development and start singing at the age of 200 days. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) states that “the white-crowned sparrows can learn their species songs under natural conditions.” The white-crowned sparrows can only learn their species song in a certain period of development and natural conditions are not necessary for the species to learn the song. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (d) states that “the genetic father is the reason for white-crowned sparrows to learn their species song.” The white-crowned sparrows can learn their species song if they are exposed to the sound of adults of their species. The white-crowned sparrows cannot learn the song until they hear it. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (e) states that “if they are reared in isolated cages, then they would be able to sing as the ones that could hear the adults.” The white-crowned sparrows in isolated cages would not be able to listen and learn from the adults of their species. So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the white-crowned sparrows need to be exposed to adults singing the species song. The exposed species are able to sing their species song in a certain condition as opposed to the species that are kept in a cage.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 56 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- In the paper by John Endler about colored spots in guppies, Endler finds that Select one: a.female guppies become more colorful in the presence of predators. b.female guppies become less colorful in the presence of predators. c.male guppies become less colorful in the presence of predators. d.male guppies become more colorful in the presence of predators. e.No change in color occurs in both male and female guppies, providing an example of a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.arrow_forward. In white-crowned sparrows, social experience exhibits a very stronginfluence over the development of singing patterns. What observation led to this conclusion?a. Birds learned to sing only when they were trained by other birds.b. The window in which birds learn from other birds is wider thanthat in which birds learn from tape recordings.c. Birds could learn different dialects only from other birds.d. Birds that learned to sing from a tape recorder could change theirsong when they listened to another bird.arrow_forwardAs depicted in the diagram, honeybees communicate the location of flower patches to members of their hives with waggle dances that give information about the direction and distance to the flowers. Which of the following statements about how honeybees communicate the position of flower patches is most consistent with the model? a. The total area covered by any waggle dance leads bees to the target flowers. b. The farther the target flowers from the hive, the longer the waggle phase. c. The angle of the waggle phase relative to the vertical plane indicates the position of the target flowers relative to another beehive. d.The number of repetitions of the waggle dance indicates the quality of the pollen source.arrow_forward
- A cow with scurs and a bull with no scurs have an offspring. Thisoffspring could bea. a female with scurs or a male with scurs.b. a female with no scurs or a male with scurs.c. a female with scurs or a male with no scurs.d. a female with no scurs or a male with no scursarrow_forwardTraining a dog to perform tricks using verbal commands and treats is an example ofa. nonassociative learning.b. operant conditioning.c. classical conditioning.d. imprinting.arrow_forwardIs sexual selection or natural selection the driver for the differences between males and females? a. In the hollyhock weevil (Rhopalapion longirostre) the females a have much longer rostrum. The length of rostrum is correlated with offspring survival but not mating frequency. b. In the marine iguana species (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) on the islands near Ecuador the males often exceed expected size on a given island. Male size is correlated with survival and number of mating events.arrow_forward
- Even in the rodent world, parents can vary in their attentiveness to their offspring. If a new rat mom is given an infusion of oxytocin, what impact will this likely have on how she cares for her pups? a. She will begin to display aggressive behaviors toward them b. She will become less attached to them and start to neglect them c. She will become frightened of them and try to flee d. She will be more bonded to them and will take better care of them e. She will try to reproduce with themarrow_forwardAs a follow‑up experiment, researchers placed the Daphnia that were exposed to the Notonecta chemical cues into a tank without chemical cues. The Daphnia reproduced asexually, and the offspring developed in the tank without chemical cues. Predict the relative size of the crest height and width of offspring raised in the tank without chemical cues as compared to the parent Daphnia.arrow_forwardA.Hawaiian honeycreepers tend to have long and slender beaks to obtain the nectar of the flower better than those who have short and wide beaks. Type of selection: Possible reason: B.Small lizards have difficulties defending their territories, but large lizards are likely to be preyed upon by owls. Type of selection: Possible reason:arrow_forward
- A. In terms of the barriers in place that keep species separate, explain whether song recognition is a prezygotic barrier or a post-zygotic barrier. B. Explain which type of isolating mechanism this wouldbe once you determine the barrier type. C. Discuss why song would be a barrier to mating with another species and having the incorrect song might change your fitness potential.arrow_forwardIn veterinary science What are 3 examples of mother nature's ID methods?arrow_forwardYou want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see: 1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism 2) If males don't feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding the young onto each of the trees on the previous page. CHARACTER SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MALES FEED YOUNG Cassin's Vireo No No Red Fox Sparrow Cape May Warbler Cedar Waxwing Golden-Crowned Kinglet Pyrrhuloxia Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No California Gull No Yes Note: This data is fictional 5) Which of the hypotheses in part 4 is consistent with your analysis? Explain why in a brief paragraph.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning