Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 36, Problem 2CT
An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which there is an opening in the septum between the left and right atria. People with such a defect typically have more than a normal amount of blood in the right atrium. Why does blood flow from left to right across the septum rather than in the opposite direction? The excess of blood can cause hypertension in one circuit. Which one?
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An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which there is an opening in the septum between the left and right atria. People with such a defect typically have more than a normal amount of blood in the right atrium. Why does blood flow from left to right across the septum rather than in the opposite direction? The excess of blood can cause hypertension in one circuit. Which one?
A young couple that you are friends with gave birth to a new baby. They were told by their physician that the foramen ovale did not close between the right atrium and left atrium (i.e., that their baby has “a hole in her heart”). They know that you are a nurse and have come to you to help them to understand what is going on. Explain both the normal flow of blood through the heart and the flow with the foramen ovale still open. Include in your description the concept of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Some babies are born with a heart defect in which the ventricles are connected to the wrong arteries—that is, the right ventricle sends blood to the aorta, and the left ventricle sends blood to the pulmonary trunk. What is the problem with this arrangement?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 36 - Prob. 1DAACh. 36 - Prob. 2DAACh. 36 - Risks of Hypertension Eleni Rapsomaniki and her...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1SQCh. 36 - Prob. 2SQCh. 36 - Prob. 3SQCh. 36 - Prob. 4SQCh. 36 - Prob. 5SQCh. 36 - Prob. 6SQCh. 36 - Blood flows directly from the left atrium to...
Ch. 36 - Contraction of the _________ drives blood out into...Ch. 36 - Blood pressure is highest in the _______ and...Ch. 36 - In a person at rest, the largest volume of blood...Ch. 36 - Which of the following has the thickest wall? a....Ch. 36 - Prob. 12SQCh. 36 - Which artery carries oxygen-poor blood?Ch. 36 - Prob. 14SQCh. 36 - Match the terms with their definition. _____ bone...Ch. 36 - Suppose a blood clot forms in the leg, then breaks...Ch. 36 - An atrial septal defect is a birth defect in which...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3CTCh. 36 - Prob. 4CT
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- The mother of a three-month-old infant was concerned because her child had little energy and did not seem to be thriving. You examine the child and suspect the presence of a congenital cardiac defect, most likely a patent ductus arteriosus. What other symptoms would accompany this diagnosis? Left-to-right shunting of blood between the atria Notching of the ribs created by dilated intercostal arteries Decreased oxygen in the systemic circulation Distension of the right atrium Increased blood flow in the pulmonary circulationarrow_forwardBlood flows from the heart (specifically, the left ventricle) into the aorta to feed the rest of the body oxygen. As blood flow moves from the ascending aorta and downward to the abdominal aorta, some of the volume is directed through a branching network. As the blood reaches the pelvic region, there is a bifurcation, as shown in figure, into the left and right common iliac arteries. This bifurcation is symmetrical but the common iliac vessels are not the same diameter. Given that the kinematic viscosity of blood is 4 cSt (centistokes), the abdominal aorta’s diameter is 15 mm, the right common iliac artery’s diameter is 10 mm, and the left common iliac artery’s diameter is 8 mm, determine the mean flow rate through the right common iliac artery if the abdominal aorta’s mean velocity is 30 cm/s and the left common iliac artery’s mean velocity is 40 cm/s.arrow_forwardWhat would be the path of blood flow through the heart if the foramen ovale did not close shortly after birth?arrow_forward
- In all humans the first three arteries to branch off of the aortic arch are brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. True False Fossa ovalis exists in a fetal heart and turns into foramen ovale upon birth. True False Atrial muscles contract from the base down, while ventricular muscles contract from the apex upwards. True False Capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary osmotic pressure at the beginning of the capillary, but is lower at the end of the capillary. True Falsearrow_forwardIf a cardiologist inserts a catheter into a patient’s right femoral artery, which arteries will the tube have to pass through in order to reach the entrance to the left coronary artery?arrow_forwardIf the pressure in the ventricles is higher than the pressure in the atria, but lower than the pressure in the great arteries, which of the following is true? a-semilunar valves will be closed, but the atrioventricular valves will be open, ventricles will be filling b-both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves will be closed and there will be no flow of blood c-both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves will be open and there will be flow through the ventricles d-the atrioventricular valves will be closed, but the semilunar valves will be open, ventricles will be ejecting bloodarrow_forward
- Fill in the table below by indicating the organ, region or vessel that the named vessel receives blood from, and the organ, region or vessel to which it delivers blood (see example for aorta and coronary arteries). If you’re doing it right, both columns will have the same answer. You will need to refer to the images in your textbook and lab models to do this. VESSELS OF THE THORACIC CAVITY Artery Blood goes to (organ/region) Blood comes from (organ/region) Vein Aorta entire systemic circuit entire systemic circuit vena cava inferior & superior coronary left & right myocardium coronary left & right Brachiocephalic Brachiocephalic subclavian left & right subclavian left & right Intercostals azygos (not pictured) Pulmonary Pulmonary VESSELS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY Artery Blood goes to (organ/region) Blood comes from (organ/region) Vein celiac trunk…arrow_forwardAll the blood that passes through the aorta, except the blood that flowsinto the coronary vessels, returns to the heart through the venae cavae.(Hint: The diameter of the aorta is 26 mm, and the diameter of avena cava is 32 mm.) Explain why the resistance to blood flow in theaorta is greater than the resistance to blood flow in the venae cavae.Because the resistances are different, explain why blood flow can bethe same.arrow_forwardIn the given table, three of the anatomical and physiological terms are similar or related; one does not belong with the other three. Choose the term that does NOT belong in each of the following groups. A B C D 1 Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Bicuspid Valve Left AV Valve 2 Pulmonary Valve Umbilical Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena Cavaarrow_forward
- The onset of Ventrieular diastole is associated with: A. the closing of the aortiC valve B. the ejection of blood from the ventricles C. the opening of the atrio-ventricular (AV) valves D. the first heart soundarrow_forwardA blood sample taken from the umbilical cord contains high levels of oxygen and nutrients, and low levels of carbon dioxide and waste products. Is thissample from an umbilical artery or from the umbilical vein? Explain.arrow_forwardYou have a young woman on your ward who is awaiting heart surgery. She is keen to know about the structure and function of the heart and asks you to explain the flow of blood through the heart from start to finish. She wants to hear anatomical names and learn about physiological processes ejecting blood from her heart, your response will help keep her distracted from thinking about her upcoming operation. a. Describe the flow of blood through the heart, naming each of the vessels bringing and taking blood to and from the heart. Include chambers of the heart and name structures in the correct sequence along the blood's pathway through the heart - begin with blood returning to the heart from the body and end with blood being ejected into the systemic circulation. Include the names of the valves and identify which valves are open and closed during each cardiac cycle. Describe, using terms like diastole and systole, the changes in ventricular pressure during one cardiac cycle and…arrow_forward
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