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The movable mirror of a Michelson interferometer is attached to one end of a thin metal rod of length 23.3 mm. The other end of the rod is anchored so it does not move. As the temperature of the rod changes from 15°C to 25 C , a change of 14 fringes is observed. The light source is a He Ne laser,
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- A beam of 580-nm light passes through two closely spaced glass plates at close to normal incidence as shown in Figure P27.23. For what minimum nonzero value of the plate separation d is the transmitted light bright?arrow_forwardAn advanced computer sends information to its various parts via infrared light pulses traveling through silicon fibers (n = 3.50). To acquire data from memory, the central processing unit sends a light-pulse request to the memory unit. The memory unit processes the request, then sends a data pulse back to the central processing unit. The memory unit takes 0.50 ns toprocess a request. If the information has to be obtained from memory in 2.00 ns, what is the maximum distance the memory unit can be from the central processing unit?arrow_forwardIn the figure, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.820 nm makes an angle θ = 62.3˚ with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size a0?arrow_forward
- let a beam of x rays of wavelength 0.125 nm be incident on an NaCl crystal at angle u 45.0° to the top face of the crystal and a family of reflecting planes. Let the reflecting planes have separation d = 0.252 nm. The crystal is turned through angle f around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the page until these reflecting planes give diffraction maxima. What are the (a) smaller and (b) larger value of f if the crystal is turned clockwise and the (c) smaller and (d) larger value of f if it is turned counterclockwise?arrow_forwardA beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light - half of the incident light is transmitted through the beam splitter, and half is reflected. Supposed we could make a beam splitter that reflects only 35% and transmits the other 65% (rather than 50/50). A beam of laser light with wavelength 656 nm is incident on our imaginary 35/65 beam splitter, at an angle of 45°. The beam pulse lasts 1.50 ms, and has a diameter of 0.60 mm. The intensity of the transmitted beam is 3.25 kW/m2. Draw a clear physics diagram of the problem. What is the energy of a photon from this laser? Find the peak Electric field of the reflected beam. Find the peak Magnetic field of the incident beam. What color is the laser beam? What momentum is transferred to the beam splitter by the laser pulse?arrow_forwardAstronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun with a filter that passes the red hydrogen spectral line of wavelength 656.3 nm, called the Hα line. The filter consists of a transparent dielectric of thickness d held between two partially aluminized glass plates. The filter is kept at a constant temperature. (a) Find the minimum value of dα light if the dielectric has an index of refraction of 1.378. (b) If the temperature of the filter increases above the normal value increasing its thickness, what happens to the transmitted wavelength? (c) The dielectric will also pass what near-visible wavelength? One of the glass plates is colored red to absorb this light.arrow_forward
- A flat piece of glass is held stationary and horizontal above the highly polished, flat top end of a 8.50-cm-long vertical metal rod that has its lower end rigidly fixed. The thin film of air between the rod and glass is observed to be bright by reflected light when it is illuminated by light of wavelength 530 nm. As the temperature is slowly increased by 21.5°C, the film changes from bright to dark and back to bright 200 times. What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal? °c-1arrow_forwardOften in optics scientists take advantage of effects that require very high intensity light. To get the desired effect a scientist uses a laser with power P = 0.0015 W to reach an intensity of I = 350 W/cm2 by focusing it through a lens of focal length f = 0.15 m. The beam has a radius of r = 0.0011 m when it enters the lens.Randomized VariablesP = 0.0015 WI = 350 W/cm2f = 0.15 mr = 0.0011 m Part (a) Express the radius of the beam, rp, at the point where it reaches the desired intensity in terms of the given quantities. (In other words, what radius does the beam have to have after passing through the lens in order to have the desired intensity?) Part (b) Give an expression for the tangent of the angle that the edge of the beam exits the lens with with respect to the normal to the lens surface, in terms of r and f? Part (c) Express the distance, D, between the lens's focal point and the illuminated object using tan(α) and rp. Part (d) Find the distance, D, in centimeters.arrow_forwardTo reduce the loss of light when reflected from the glass surface, the latter is covered with a thin layer of a substance, the refractive index of which is n '= sqrt (n), where n is the refractive index of the glass. At what minimum thickness d (min) of this layer will the reflectivity of glass in the normal direction be minimal for light with a wavelength λ?arrow_forward
- A thin layer of oil with index of refraction no = 1.47 is floating above the water. The index of refraction of water is nw = 1.3. The index of refraction of air is na = 1. A light with wavelength λ = 325 nm goes in from the air to oil and water. Part (a) Express the wavelength of the light in the oil, λo, in terms of λ and no. Part (b) Express the minimum thickness of the film that will result in destructive interference, tmin, in terms of λo. Part (c) Express tmin in terms of λ and no. Part (d) Solve for the numerical value of tmin in nm.arrow_forwardThe refractive indices for quartz at 762 nm wavelength for left- and right-circularly polarized light are nL= 1.53920 and nR= 1.53914. (a) What thickness of quartz is required to give an optical rotation of 10⁰ at this wavelength? (b) What is the specific rotation of quartz for this wavelength in degree/mm? NOTE, I do not want you to use Chatgpt for the answer. I asked Chatgpt, and every time the answer provided was wrong.arrow_forwardOne leg of a Michelson interferometer contains an evacuated cylinder of length L, =0.30m having glass plates on each end. A gas is slowly leaked into the cylinder until a pressure of 1 atm is reached. If 140 bright fringes pass on the screen when light of wavelength A=440nm is used, what is n, the index of refraction of the gas? State your answer to the nearest 0.000001 ( one part per million).arrow_forward
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning