(a)
Interpretation:
Thenumber of elements in fourth period of periodic table is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
The elements are made up of atoms. These atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in different orbits. The distribution of the electrons in orbit is known as electronic configuration.
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of elements in group
Concept Introduction:
The elements are made up of atoms. These atoms consist of protons neutrons and electrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in different orbits. The distribution of the electrons in orbit is known as electronic configuration.
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Chapter 2 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- 2.43 g magnesium was completely burnt in oxygen to give magnesium oxide. 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) (Relative atomic masses: O = 16.0, Mg = 24.3) (a) Draw the electronic diagrams of O2 and MgO, showing electrons in the outermost shell only. (b) (i) How many mole of magnesium was present? (ii) How many mole of oxygen was required to completely react with the amount of magnesium in (i)? (iii) Hence, calculate the amount of oxygen required to completely react with the magnesium. (c) Similarly, calculate the amount of MgO formed.arrow_forwardHelium is the lightest noble gas and the second most abundant element (after hydrogen) in the universe. (a) The radius of a helium atom is 3.1x10-11 m; the radius of its nucleus is 2.5x10-15 m. What fraction of the spherical atomic volume is occupied by the nucleus (V of a sphere 5 4/ 3πr3)? (b) The mass of a helium-4 atom is 6.64648x10-24 g, and each of its two electrons has a mass of 9.10939x10-28 g. What fraction of this atom’s mass is contributed by its nucleus?arrow_forward(d) the ion with 74 electrons, 116 neutrons, and a +3 chargearrow_forward
- (a) In the certain hydrated salt MSO34H2O, the mass percentage of H2O is 44.71%.Identify the element M in the salt?(b) A certain element has two naturally occurring isotopes.The mass of one of the isotopes is 106.905 amu and its natural abundance is 51.60%.The mass of the second isotope is 108.883 amu.Calculate the average atomic massWrite the chemical symbols of the isotopes(c) An organic compound consists of carbon, hydrogen and sulfur only.The percentage of carbon by mass in this compound was found to be 30.27%.The complete combustion of 1.367 g this compound produces 1.765 g of sulfur dioxide(SO2) (i) Determine the empirical formula for this compound.(ii) If a sample of this compound having the mass 3.781 × 103 mg contains 9.528 × 10–3 molesof the compound, determine the molecular formulaarrow_forward(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a vanadium atom is 131 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm (b) The mass of a single vanadium atom is 8.46×10-23 g. Suppose enough V atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 44.7 cm ( 18 atoms inches). How many atoms would be required? What mass in grams of V would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of vanadium using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of vanadium metal to be 6.08 g/cm³, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of V wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is T times its radius squared times its height. (V = T r² h) How many vanadium atoms does this represent? atomsarrow_forwardThe element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with 8,9, and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. (a) write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes. (b) Describe the similarities and differences between the three kinds of atoms of oxygen.arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the number of electrons in a small, electrically neutral silver pin that has a mass of 8.0 g. Silver has 47 electrons per atom, and its molar mass is 107.87 g/mol. (b) Imagine adding electrons to the pin until the negative charge has the very large value 2.00 mC. How many electrons are added for every 109 electrons already present?arrow_forwardConsider the nuclide cobalt-59 (5927Co). (a) The mass of 5927Co in atomic mass units is 58.933200 u. (Note this is the mass of the entire atom, not just the nucleus.) This mass is lower than the total mass of its constituent protons, neutrons, and electrons. Find the difference, in atomic mass units, between the total mass of the constituent particles, and the actual mass of the nuclide. (This is sometimes called the "mass defect.") The mass of a proton is 1.007276 u, the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 u, and the mass of an electron is 5.486 ✕ 10−4 u. (Round your answer to at least four decimal places.) b) Since, according to special relativity theory, mass and energy are "equivalent," the mass defect, or "missing" mass found in part (a), is measurement of the energy it would take to break the bound 5927Co atom into its constituent particles. In other words, it is equivalent to the binding energy. Using the result of part (a), find the binding energy per nucleon, Eb/A for 5927Co in…arrow_forward(a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a nickel atom is 125 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm -23 (b) The mass of a single nickel atom is 9.75×10 g. Suppose enough Ni atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 31.3 cm (12 inches). How many atoms would be required? atoms What mass in grams of Ni would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of nickel using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of nickel metal to be 8.91 g/cm, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of Ni wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is n times its radius squared times its height. (V = nr h) How many nickel atoms does this represent? atomsarrow_forward
- (a) In the certain hydrated salt MSO3⋅4H2O, the mass percentage of H2O is 44.71%. Identify the element M in the salt? (b) A certain element has two naturally occurring isotopes. The mass of one of the isotopes is 120.904 amu and its natural abundance is 57.21%. The mass of the second isotope is 122.904 amu. Calculate the average atomic mass Write the chemical symbols of the isotopesarrow_forward(a) What is the mass in amu of a carbon-12 atom? (b) Why is the atomic weight of carbon reported as 12.011 in the table of elements and the periodic table in the front inside cover of this text?arrow_forwardLook up the following information for the element iridium: (i) number of protons, neutrons, and electrons; (ii) atomic number and average atomic mass; (iii) the charge of the anion(s) or cation(s) that it commonly forms; (iv) the mass of its two most common isotopes and the number of protons and neutrons in each one. Also, comment briefly on the presence of this element in meteorite craters and the significance of this observation.arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning