Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To determine the
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy or the free energy change is a
The expression for the enthalpy change is:
The expression for the entropy change is:
Answer to Problem 18PS
The value of
The value of
The value of
Explanation of Solution
The
Given:
Refer to Appendix L for the values of standard free energy values.
The given reaction is,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the free energy change is:
Substitute the values,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the enthalpy change is:
Substitute the values,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the entropy change is:
Substitute the values,
The value of
The value of
The value of
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
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- Around 10,000 tonnes of PCI, is produced per year as it is used as an important chlorinating reagent. Given: 2P(g) + 3Cl;(g)-2PCI,(g) K- 15.0 PCI,(2) + Cl:(g) - PCI:(g) K-4.0 What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? ZP(g) • SCI;(g) - 2PCI,(g) a 240 b. 31 C. 23 d. 60 10arrow_forwardHydrogen peroxide can be prepared in several ways. One method is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, another method is the reaction between water and oxygen. Calculate the AGxn of each reaction using values from the table of thermodynamic properties. (1) H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂0₂ (1) AGixn = (2) H₂O(l) + O₂(g) ⇒ H₂O₂ (1) AGixn = Which method requires less energy under standard conditions? reaction (1) reaction (2) kJ.mol-1 kJ.mol-¹arrow_forwardDinitrogen trioxide is an unstable compound that exists in equilibrium with nittrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Calculate Kp for this reaction at 298.15K. Give delta G standard (kJ/mol) of N2O3 is 139.3, NO 86.6, NO2 is 51.3.arrow_forward
- Explain, using Le Châtelier’s principle, why the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO from N2 and O2 increases with increasing temperature?arrow_forwardAt 400 °C, the AG an for the oxidation of a monoatomic liquid element Z in the presence of 02(g) forming ZO) is -25.0 kJ per mol O2. In the compound ZOs, Z has a +2 formal charge. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? The oxidation of Z with O2 is marked by an increase in entropy. O Z cannot be oxidized to Z0 because Z is more stable than ZO at 400 °C or any T above it. O The oxidation of Z with 02 is exothermic, O zo cannot be reduced back to Z at any temperature because reduction of ZO to Z has +AG.arrow_forwardAs discussed in class, the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production proceeds via the reaction, N2(g) + 3 H2(g) = 2 NH3(g) at 400 °C. Assuming that both reaction enthalpy and entropy remains unchanged between 25 °C to 400 °C, estimate the value of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant at 400 C. O 6.0 x 104 O 2.8 x 104 0.15 x 104 O cannot be determined O 3.0 x 10-4arrow_forward
- Using the thermodynamic tables and the enthalpy of formation for one mole of potassium chlorate solid, find the enthalpy change for formation of 15.0 g KClO3 (s) a. – 48.7 kJ b. + 5.97 x 103 kJ c. – 397.7 kJ d. – 3.25 kJ e. – 5.97 x 103 kJ f. none of thesearrow_forwardAbout 50,000 kJ of electrical energy is required to produce 1.0 kg of Al from its Al(OH)3 ore. The major energy cost in recycling aluminum cans is the melting of the aluminum. The enthalpy of fusion of Al(s) is 10.7 kJ mol-1.Compare the energy cost for making new aluminum with that for recycling.arrow_forwardThe thermite reaction is written below. Show that the heat released in this reaction is sufficient for the iron to be produced as molten metal. Find the enthalpy of formation of the overall reaction. Al(s) + Where: Al ΔΗ°F= 0 Al2O3 AHF -2076 Fe AHF 0 Fe2O3 AHF -745 Fe₂O3(s)- → Al₂O3(s) + Fe(1)arrow_forward
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