University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 9CQ
Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are much more massive and farther from the Sun than Earth is, contain large amounts of hydrogen and helium?
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According to the chart below, how do the gas giants differ from the terrestrial planets?
THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
THE GAS GIANTS
MERCURY
MARS
JUPITER
SATURN
URANUS
NEPTUNE
VENUS
EARTH
ROCK
ROCK
ROCK
ROCK
INNER
CORE
INNER
CORE
CORE
SIren/
Nickel
CORE
Iron/
WATER
WATER
WATER
Nickel
OUTER
CORE
OUTER
CORE
METALLIC
U HYDROGEN
METALLIC
WATER
MANTLE
Reck
HYDROGEN
MANTLE
Rock
MANTLE
Reck
CORE
SIren/
Silicates
Silicates
Silicates
Nickel
HYDROGEN
GAS
HYDROGEN
GAS
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN
GAS
GAS
SURFACE
SURFACE
SURFACE
SURFACE
O The gas giants do not have solid surfaces.
O The gas giants have an iron core.
O The gas giants lack hydrogen gas.
O The gas giants do not contain water.
Which of these is an example of an energy source that could exist on Europa (or beneath its surface) and help enable life in a Europan ocean?
a Volcanoes and/or hydrothermal vents on the seafloor
b Solar flares from the Sun that penetrate Europa's ice and send radiation into the liquid-water ocean
c Europa's rapid motion as it orbits Jupiter
d The combustion of fossils fuels beneath the surface, similar to burning coal in the Earth's crust
Calculate the pressure p of the Venus atmosphere (it consists of CO2 at 477oC) at the height of 1 km from the planet surface, where p0=9.3 MPa. The planet mass is 4.9x1024 kg, its radius is 6050 km
Chapter 2 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding The recommended daily...Ch. 2 - Check Understanding The density of in a Classroom...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Liquids and solids have...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding If you consider a very...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Which has a longer mean...Ch. 2 - Check Your Understanding Suppose 2 moles of helium...Ch. 2 - Two H2 molecules can react with one O2 molecule to...Ch. 2 - Under what circumstances would you expect a gas to...Ch. 2 - A constant-volume gas thermometer contains a fixed...Ch. 2 - Inflate a balloon at room temperature. Leave the...
Ch. 2 - In the last chapter, free convection was explained...Ch. 2 - How is momentum related to the pressure exerted by...Ch. 2 - If one kind of molecule has double the radius of...Ch. 2 - What is the average velocity of the air molecules...Ch. 2 - Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,...Ch. 2 - Statistical mechanics says that in a gas...Ch. 2 - Which is more dangerous, a closet where tanks of...Ch. 2 - Experimentally it appears that many polyatomic...Ch. 2 - One might think that the internal energy of...Ch. 2 - You mix 5 moles of H2 at 300 K with 5 moles of He...Ch. 2 - One cylinder contains helium gas and another...Ch. 2 - Repeat the previous question if one gas is still...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is at a temperature of 300 K. To...Ch. 2 - The gauge pressure in your car tires is...Ch. 2 - Suppose a gas-filled incandescent light bulb is...Ch. 2 - People buying food in sealed bags at high...Ch. 2 - How many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas...Ch. 2 - A cubic container of volume 2.00 L holds 0.500 mol...Ch. 2 - Calculate the number of moles in the 2.00-L volume...Ch. 2 - An airplane passenger has 100 cm3 of air in his...Ch. 2 - A company advertises that it delivers helium at a...Ch. 2 - According to...Ch. 2 - An expensive vacuum system can achieve a pressure...Ch. 2 - The number density N/V of gas molecules at a...Ch. 2 - A bicycle tire contains 2.00 L of gas at an...Ch. 2 - In a common demonstration, a bottle is heated and...Ch. 2 - A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of...Ch. 2 - Find the number of moles in 2.00 L of gas at 35.0 ...Ch. 2 - Calculate the depth to which Avogadro's number of...Ch. 2 - (a) What is the gauge pressure in a 25.0 cc car...Ch. 2 - A person hits a tennis ball with a mass of 0.058...Ch. 2 - A person is in a closed room (a racquetball court)...Ch. 2 - Five bicyclists are riding at the following...Ch. 2 - Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with...Ch. 2 - Typical molecular speeds (vrms) are large, even at...Ch. 2 - What is the average kinetic energy in joules of...Ch. 2 - What is the ratio of the average translational...Ch. 2 - What is the total translational kinetic energy of...Ch. 2 - The product of the pressure and volume of a sample...Ch. 2 - What is the gauge pressure inside a tank of...Ch. 2 - If the rms speed of oxygen molecules inside a...Ch. 2 - The escape velocity of any object from Earth is...Ch. 2 - The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller...Ch. 2 - Nuclear fusion, the energy solute of Sun, hydrogen...Ch. 2 - Suppose that the typical speed (vrms) of carbon...Ch. 2 - (a) Hydrogen molecules (molar mass is equal to...Ch. 2 - There are two important isotopes of uranium, U235...Ch. 2 - The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the...Ch. 2 - Dry air consists of approximately 78% nitrogen,...Ch. 2 - (a) Using data from the previous problem, find the...Ch. 2 - (a) Given that air is 21% oxygen, find the minimum...Ch. 2 - (a) If the partial pressure of water vapor is 8.05...Ch. 2 - To give a helium atom nonzero angular momentum...Ch. 2 - (a) How much heat must be added to raise the...Ch. 2 - A sealed, rigid container of 0.560 mol of an...Ch. 2 - A sample of neon gas (Ne, molar mass M=20.2 g/mol)...Ch. 2 - A steel container of mass 135 g contains 24.0 g of...Ch. 2 - A sealed room has a volume of 24 m3. It's filled...Ch. 2 - Heliox, a mixture of helium and oxygen, is...Ch. 2 - Professional divas sometimes use heliox,...Ch. 2 - In car racing, one advantage of mixing liquid...Ch. 2 - In a sample of hydrogen sulfide ( M=34.1 g/mol) at...Ch. 2 - Using the approximation v1v1+v f(v)dvf(v1)v for...Ch. 2 - Using the method of the preceding problem,...Ch. 2 - By counting squares in the following figure,...Ch. 2 - Using a numerical integration method such as...Ch. 2 - Find (a) the most probable speed, (b) the average...Ch. 2 - Repeat the preceding problem for nitrogen...Ch. 2 - At what temperature is the average speed of carbon...Ch. 2 - The most probable speed for molecules of a gas at...Ch. 2 - a) At what temperature do oxygen molecules have...Ch. 2 - In the deep space between galaxies, the density of...Ch. 2 - (a) Find the density in SI units of air at a...Ch. 2 - The air inside a hot-air balloon has a temperature...Ch. 2 - When an air bubble rises from the bottom to the...Ch. 2 - (a) Use the ideal gas equation to estimate the...Ch. 2 - One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon...Ch. 2 - On a winter day when the air temperature is 0 ,...Ch. 2 - On a warm day when the air temperature is 30 , a...Ch. 2 - (a) People often think of humid air as "heavy."...Ch. 2 - The mean flee path for helium at a certain...Ch. 2 - The mean free path for methane at a temperature of...Ch. 2 - In the chapter on fluid mechanics, Bernoulli's...Ch. 2 - Find the total number of collisions between...Ch. 2 - (a) Estimate the specific heat capacity of sodium...Ch. 2 - A sealed, perfectly insulated container contains...Ch. 2 - Find the ratio f(vp)/f(vrms) for hydrogen gas (...Ch. 2 - Unreasonable results. (a) Find the temperature of...Ch. 2 - Unreasonable results. (a) Find the sped of...Ch. 2 - An airtight dispenser for drinking water is 25 cm...Ch. 2 - Eight bumper cars, each with a mass of 322 kg. are...Ch. 2 - Verify that vp=2kBTm.`Ch. 2 - Verify the normalization equation 0f(v)dv=1 In...Ch. 2 - Verify that v=8kBTm. Make the same scaling...Ch. 2 - Verify that vrms=v2=3kBTm.`
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