Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in vinegar has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Water is a compound that can act as an acid or a base. A water molecule can donate a proton as well as it accepts a proton. Water molecules can react with other molecule of water to produce hydronium ion and hydroxide ion. This reaction is called as autoionization of water. In this reaction, water can be an acid or base.
The reaction of autoionization of water is as follows:
The equilibrium constant for autoionization of water is denoted by
The expression for
Also, water is pure liquid. Its concentration does not appear. Therefore, the equilibrium constant
The expression for
Also at
The negative logarithm of the molar concentration of hydronium ion is called
Also, the relation between pH and concentration is as follows:
(b)
Interpretation:
The concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in stomach acid has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in coffee has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The concentration of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion in milk has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemistry: Principles and Practice
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