Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.4, Problem 6CYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether short preganglionic fibers, terminal ganglia, collateral ganglia, origin from the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord, and innervates adrenal medulla are the characteristic feature of sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system.
Introduction:
The ANS (autonomic nervous system) is comprised of two units that are the parasympathetic nervous system and SNS (sympathetic nervous system). ANS is involuntary control of the body tissues. The spinal cord comprises 31 pairs of segments and is important because the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves arise from them.
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE
FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S)
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
1
Preganglionic neuron
2
Postganglionic neuron
3
Gray horns of the spinal cord
4
Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord
5
Ventral Roots of the spinal cord
6
Dorsal Rami
7
Ventral Rami
8
White ramus communicans
9
Gray ramus communicans
10
Sympathetic trunk ganglion
(Paravertebral ganglia)
11
Superior cervical ganglion
12
Middle cervical ganglion
13
Inferior cervical ganglion
14 14a 14b 14c
Prevertebral ganglia
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
15
Preganglionic neuron
16
Postganglionic neuron
17
CN III Oculomotor nerve
18
CN VII Facial nerve…
all of the following apply to the autonomic nervous system except
it operates on an involuntary basis
it consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
it does not include cranial nerves
it is composed of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Most ganglia lie close to the
spinal cord and form two chains
of ganglia-one on each side of
the spinal cord
Increases intestinal motility
and stimulates intestinal
secretion
Postganglionic axons are
generally short
Preganglionic axons are
generally short
Postganglionic axons release
NE that binds to adrenergic
receptors located on the
effectors
Decreases heart rate,
contractility, and conduction
velocity
Ganglia lie within, or very
close to, innervated organs
Decreases intestinal motility
and inhibits intestinal
secretion
Long preganglionic axons
release ACh that binds to
nicotinic receptors located within
the ganglia
Neurons leave the CNS from
the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Generalized activation is
called the fight-or-flight
response…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - Name the three types of effectors of the autonomic...Ch. 14.1 - Which relays instructions from the CNS to muscles...Ch. 14.1 - MAKING CONNECTIONS The cell bodies of autonomic...Ch. 14.2 - Which branch of the ANS would predominate if you...Ch. 14.3 - In general terms, where are the cell bodies of...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 14.5 - Prob. 7CYUCh. 14.6 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 14.7 - Prob. 9CYUCh. 14.8 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 14 - All of the following characterize the ANS except...Ch. 14 - Relate each of the following terms or phrases to...Ch. 14 - The white rami communicates contain what kind of...Ch. 14 - Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with...Ch. 14 - Briefly explain why the following terms are...Ch. 14 - Describe the anatomical relationship of the white...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 14 - Which of the effects listed in response to...Ch. 14 - Which ANS fibers release acetylcholine? Which...Ch. 14 - Describe the meaning and importance of sympathetic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 14 - Describe the importance of the hypothalamus in...Ch. 14 - Postganglionic neurons are also called ganglionic...Ch. 14 - 10-Year-Old Boy with Spinal Injury On arrival at...Ch. 14 - 10-Year-Old Boy with Spinal Injury On arrival at...Ch. 14 - 10-Year-Old Boy with Spinal Injury On arrival at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4CCSCh. 14 - 10-Year-Old Boy with Spinal Injury On arrival at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6CCSCh. 14 - 10-Year-Old Boy with Spinal Injury On arrival at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8CCS
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- Match the following statements about anatomy to the correct division of the autonomic nervous system. Select "Both" if the statement or effect is true of both divisions. Innervate(s) most major organs of the body. Innervate(s) most blood vessels. Most effector pathways involve two neurons. The vagus cranial nerve carries these fibers. ANSWER OPTIONS: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, BOTHarrow_forwardIn the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: Select one: The ratio between the number of postganglionic and preganglionic neurons is small. A single preganglionic neuron usually synapses with a single postganglionic neuron. An important functional characteristic is convergence of the preganglionic fibers. Preganglionic fibers are usually much longer than the postganglionic fibers. Activity of the neurons tends to have a more generalized and widespread effect on the body.arrow_forwardIn the sympathetic division of the autonomic system: preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracolumbar segments of the cord the preganglionic neurons are unmyelinated the preganglionic neurons are long the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neurons is norepinephrinearrow_forward
- The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic rHeurons are located in O the dorsal root ganglia the ventral horn small neuronal clusters situated outside of target organs such as the intestines and kidne the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cordarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a true statement about autonomic nervous system? Parasympathetic cell bodies are located in ganglia within (or near) their target tissues Preganglionic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release norepinephrinearrow_forwardCompare and contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Be sure to address sites of origin, sites of ganglia, function and neurotransmitters used by pre- and post-ganglionic neurons.arrow_forward
- Match the following effects and statements to the correct division of the autonomic nervous system. Select "Both" if the statement or effect is true of both divisions. "Resting and digesting" division Innervate most major organs of the body Increases heart rate Constricts pupils Innervates most blood vessels Regulate smooth muscle and cardiac muscle ANSWER OPTIONS: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, BOTHarrow_forwardWhich of these characterize the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers are not. Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.arrow_forwardBriefly explain why the following terms are sometimes used to refer to the autonomic nervous system: involuntary nervous system and emotional-visceral system.arrow_forward
- describe three things about the autonomic nervous system (ANS)and In those three things, be sure to contrast the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Also, include what might happen if a portion of the ANS malfunctioned. "NOT A HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT"arrow_forwardAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S) SYMPATHETIC DIVISION Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron Gray horns of the spinal cord Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord Ventral Roots of the spinal cord 1 3 4 6. Dorsal Rami 7 Ventral Rami 8 White ramus communicans Gray ramus communicans Sympathetic trunk ganglion (Ра Superior cervical ganglion Middle cervical ganglion Inferior cervical ganglion Prevertebral ganglia Celiac ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion 9. 10 tebral ganglia) 11 12 13 14 14a 14b 14c PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION 15 Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron CN III Oculomotor nerve CN VII Facial nerve CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve CN X Vagus nerve Sacral spinal nerves 2-4 Pelvic Splanchnic nerves Terminal ganglia Ciliary ganglion 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23a Pterygopalatine ganglion Submandibular ganglion 23b 23c 23d Otic ganglionarrow_forwardThere are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic and parasympathetic Describe in detail the pre and post ganglionic fibers, location of the ganglia, neurotransmitters and receptors associated with each systemarrow_forward
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