Concept explainers
Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/whitematter) to learn about the white matter in the cerebrum that develops during childhood and adolescence. This is a composite of MRI images taken of the brains of people from 5 years of age through 20 years of age, demonstrating how the cerebrum changes. As the color changes to blue, the ratio of gray matter to white matter changes. The caption for the video describes it as “less gray matter,” which is another way of saying “more white matter.” If the brain does not finish developing until approximately 20 years of age, can teenagers be held responsible for behaving badly?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Campbell Biology in Focus
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neuroexam) that provides a demonstration of the neurological exam—a series of tests that can be performed rapidly when a patient is initially brought into an emergency department. The exam can be repeated on a regular basis to keep a record of how and if neurological function changes over time. In what order were the sections of the neurological exam tested in this video, and which section seemed to be left out?arrow_forwardWatch the video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/2brains) titled The Man With Two Brains to see the neuroscientist Michael Gazzaniga introduce a patient he has worked with for years who has had his corpus callosum cut, separating his two cerebral hemispheres. A few tests are run to demonstrate how this manifests in tests of cerebral function. Unlike normal people, this patient can perform two independent tasks at the same time because the lines of communication between the right and left sides of his brain have been removed. Whereas a person with an intact corpus callosum cannot overcome the dominance of one hemisphere over the other, this patient can. If the left cerebral hemisphere is dominant in the majority of people, why would right-handedness be most common?arrow_forwardA presynaptic neuron in the cerebrum transmits information to hundreds of other neurons. This process is an example of (a) convergence (b) divergence (c) temporal summation (d) spatial summation (e) a graded potentialarrow_forward
- Describe the structures and functions of the neurons and neuroglia of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brain stem. Describe the structures and functions of the Schwann Cells in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. What role does the Pituitary gland play as the control center of the brain? Differentiate between white matter and gray matter. Describe the functions of afferent and efferent nerves. List the components of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Compare and contrast the sympathetic nervous system with the parasympathetic nervous system, provide functions for each. List the major areas/regions of the brain and provide a generalized function for each region. List and describe the 3 membraneous layers that protect the brain. Describe the injuries of these layers, based on the level of damage. Differentiate between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Describe the process of depolarization and…arrow_forwardDescribe the three regions of the cerebrum. List each region of the cerebrum as well as the regions in each region and give a function for each. Answer thisarrow_forwardDescribe the three regions of the cerebrum in depths.(Very detail of each parts and function).arrow_forward
- You are walking to class, pondering the intricacies of physiology, when you trip over an uneven place in the sidewalk and fall. Unhurt but embarrassed and angry, you jump up and glance around to see if anyone is watching. From your knowledge of neuroanatomy and function, explain how the following areas of the brain might be involved in this scenario: cerebrum cerebellum limbic systemarrow_forwardList 3 functions of cerebellum. Describe the reflex arc mechanism.arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/basalnuclei2) to learn about the basal nuclei (also knownas the basal ganglia), which have two pathways that process information within the cerebrum. As shown in this video,the indirect pathway is the longer pathway through thesystem that results in decreased activity in the cerebralcortex, and therefore less motor activity. The indirectpathway has an extra couple of connections in it, includingdisinhibition of the subthalamic nucleus. What is the endresult on the thalamus, and therefore on movement initiatedby the cerebral cortex?arrow_forward
- Track the figure below ,then write the functions of each functional area of cerebrum and their locations in your note bookarrow_forwardThe multipolar neurones are observed in the gray matter of the histological specimen of the cerebellum cross-section. According to what morphological feature does these cells attribute to multipolar? a. Size of the cells b. Shape of the terminal axon extension c. Length of the processes d. Quantity of the processes e. Shape of the perikaryonarrow_forwardCompare the structural similarities and differences between the cerebrum and cerebellum? Explain?arrow_forward
- Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging App...BiologyISBN:9781133960867Author:Denise L. LazoPublisher:Cengage Learning