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Engineers are frequently called on to inspect and, if necessary, repair equipment in medical hospitals. Suppose that the PET system malfunctions. After inspecting the unit, you suspect that one of the PET photon detectors is misaligned. To test your theory you position one detector at die location
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- Q6. When a slab of material is inserted between a collimated 60Co source and a detector, it is found that the fluxes of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV gamma-rays are reduced, respectively, to 62 and 65% of their values with no absorbers. Calculate the ratio of the attenuation coefficient of the material for the two energies. What would be the reduction in the fluxes if two slabs were used?arrow_forwardSmugglers. Rumor has it that a company has been smuggling gold out of the country using sealed, cylindrical barrels with hollow walls. They pour molten gold into the hollows, and then fill the remainder of the barrel's internal volume with packing peanuts. The total mass of the gold-walled barrel was designed so that it exactly matches those used to transport a volatile chemical that cannot be exposed to air (and therefore the barrel cannot be opened and checked). The X-ray machine usually used to screen containers is suspiciously damaged and not available. TUL (a) There are 20 barrels total, and they are all identical: mass m = 50.0 kg, height h = 1.2 m, and diameter D = 0.25 m. How do you determine which ones have walls filled with gold (and are essentially hollow on the interior except for packing peanuts) and those completely filled with the volatile chemical (a tightly-packed powder) where the mass is uniformly distributed? Hint: apply the concepts of moment of inertia. Is the…arrow_forwardIn a diagnostic x-ray procedure, 5.25×1010 photons are absorbed by tissue with a mass of 0.590 kg. The x-ray wavelength is 2.00×10−2 nm. A) What is the total energy absorbed by the tissue? Express your answer in millijoules. B) What is the equivalent dose in rem? Express your answer in rem.arrow_forward
- Smugglers. Rumor has it that a company has been smuggling gold out of the country using sealed, cylindrical barrels with hollow walls. They pour molten gold into the hollows, and then fill the remainder of the barrel's internal volume with packing peanuts. The total mass of the gold-walled barrel was designed so that it exactly matches those used to transport a volatile chemical that cannot be exposed to air (and therefore the barrel cannot be opened and checked). The X-ray machine usually used to screen containers is suspiciously damaged and not available. (a) There are 20 barrels total, and they are all identical: mass m = 50.0 kg, height h = 1.2 m, and diameter D = 0.25 m. How do you determine which ones have walls filled with gold (and are essentially hollow on the interior except for packing peanuts) and those completely filled with the volatile chemical (a tightly-packed powder) where the mass is uniformly distributed? Hint: apply the concepts of moment of inertia. Is the moment…arrow_forwardSmugglers. Rumor has it that a company has been smuggling gold out of the country using sealed, cylindrical barrels with hollow walls. They pour molten gold into the hollows, and then fill the remainder of the barrel's internal volume with packing peanuts. The total mass of the gold-walled barrel was designed so that it exactly matches those used to transport a volatile chemical that cannot be exposed to air (and therefore the barrel cannot be opened and checked). The X-ray machine usually used to screen containers is suspiciously damaged and not available. (a) There are 20 barrels total, and they are all identical: mass m= 50.0 kg, height h= 1.2 m, and diameter D = 0.25 m. How do you determine which ones have walls filled with gold (and are essentially hollow on the interior except for packing peanuts) and those completely filled with the volatile chemical (a tightly-packed powder) where the mass is uniformly distributed? Hint: apply the concepts of moment of inertia. Is the moment of…arrow_forwardThe point source Co-60 emits gamma with energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Each of these energies emits the same number of photon particles. At a certain location, the flux read is 5.7 x 109 photons/cm2.s, what is the flux energy for 1.17 MeV for 24 hours of radiation exposure?arrow_forward
- An x ray tube has an applied voltage of 50 kV. (a) What is the most energetic x-ray photon it can produce? Express your answer in electron volts and joules. (b) Find the wavelength of such an X–ray. 50V has one of the longest known radioactive half-lives. In a difficult experiment, a researcher found that the activity of 1.00 kg of 50V is 1.75 Bq. What is the half-life in years?arrow_forwardFor the Rutherford (Geiger and Marsden) experiment with 5.5 MeV alpha particles on a 1 um gold foil, and for the six angles (decades) between 10-5 and 10° rad, calculate the Rutherford differential cross section (DCS), dor/d2, (a) without and (b) with screening. Represent both results graphically and draw conclusions.arrow_forwardNow the energy of a neutrino is measured at a specific time. If the uncertainty in the time measurement is 2.31 x 10-24 seconds, what is the minimum uncertainty in the energy?arrow_forward
- In a neutron-activation experiment, a flux of 108 neutrons/cm2sec is incident normally on a foil of area 1 cm?, density 1022 atoms/cm3 , and thickness 10-2 cm. The target nuclei have a total cross section for neutron capture of 1 barn (10-24 cm2), Find the number of b ( the light particle) per second ? 104 particle/sec 102 particle/sec 106 particle/sec 108 particle/sec Clear my choicearrow_forwardQ# 4 (a) A beam of 8.3 MeV alpha particles is directed at an aluminum foil. It is found that the Rutherford scattering formula ceases to be obeyed at scattering angles exceeding about 60°. If the alpha-particle radius is assumed small enough to neglect here, find the radius of the aluminum nucleus.arrow_forwardQ. No 04: a). Mention some necessary steps to minimize the production of bremsstrahlung during beta-ray shielding.arrow_forward
- Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage LearningClassical Dynamics of Particles and SystemsPhysicsISBN:9780534408961Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. MarionPublisher:Cengage Learning