University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 36CQ
Satellites designed to observe the
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The next four questions use this description.
Our Sun has a peak emission wavelength of about 500 nm and a radius of about 700,000 km. Your dark-adapted eye has a pupil diameter of about 7 mm and can detect light intensity down to about 1.5 x 10-11 W/m2. Assume the emissivity of the Sun is equal to 1.
First, given these numbers, what is the surface temperature of the Sun in Kelvin to 3 significant digits?
What is the power output of the Sun in moles of watts? (in other words, take the number of watts and divide it by Avogadro's number)
Assuming that all of the Sun's power is given off as 500 nm photons*, how many photons are given off by the Sun every second? Report your answer to the nearest power of 10 (e.g. if you got 7 x 1024, give your answer as 25).
The eye of a stove top has a total area of 0.0628 m2 and gives off energy at a rate of 8720 W. If we assume the stove top eye to be a perfect blackbody, what would be the temperature of the eye in Kelvin?
At "low" temperatures, the heat capacity of some materials varies with temperature as
3
12π¹ NkB
T
C (T)
² (£) ².
5
Here N is the number of atoms, kB is Boltzmann's constant, and Tp is the "Debye temperature," which is different for different materials. For example,
2300 K for diamond, which is particularly high.
TD
=
How much energy would it take to raise the temperature of one mole of diamond from 100 K to 300K?
O 150 Joules.
60 Joules.
O 319 joules.
O 630 Joules.
Chapter 1 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Does a given reading on a...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Two objects A and B have...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding If 25 kJ is necessary to...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Explain why a cup of...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Why does snow Often...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Name an example from...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding How does the rate of heat...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding Explain why using a fan...Ch. 1 - Check Your Understanding How much greater is the...Ch. 1 - What does it mean to say that two systems are in...
Ch. 1 - Give an example in which A has some kind of...Ch. 1 - If a thermometer is allowed to come to equilibrium...Ch. 1 - Give an example of a physical property that varies...Ch. 1 - Pouring cold water into hot glass or ceramic...Ch. 1 - One method of getting a tight fit, say of a metal...Ch. 1 - Does it really help to run hot water over a tight...Ch. 1 - When a cold alcohol thermometer is placed in a hot...Ch. 1 - Calculate the length of a 1-meter rod of a...Ch. 1 - Noting the large stresses that can be caused by...Ch. 1 - How is heat transfer related to temperature?Ch. 1 - Describe a situation in which heat transfer...Ch. 1 - When heat transfers into a system, is the energy...Ch. 1 - The brakes in a car increase in temperature by T...Ch. 1 - A pressure cooker contains water and steam in...Ch. 1 - As shown below, which is the phase diagram for...Ch. 1 - Can carbon dioxide be liquefied at room...Ch. 1 - What is the distinction between gas and vapor?Ch. 1 - Heat transfer can cause temperature and phase...Ch. 1 - How does the latent heat of fusion of water help...Ch. 1 - What is the temperature of ice right after it is...Ch. 1 - If you place 0 ice into 0 water in an insulated...Ch. 1 - What effect does condensation on a glass of ice...Ch. 1 - In Miami, Florida, which has a very humid climate...Ch. 1 - In winter, it is often warmer in San Francisco...Ch. 1 - Freeze-dried foods have been dehydrated in a...Ch. 1 - In a physics classroom demonstration, an...Ch. 1 - Mechanisms of Heat Transfer What are the main...Ch. 1 - When our bodies get too warm, they respond by...Ch. 1 - Shown below is a cut-away drawing of a thermos...Ch. 1 - Some electric stoves have a flat ceramic surface...Ch. 1 - Loose-fitting white clothing covering most of the...Ch. 1 - One way to make a fireplace more energy-efficient...Ch. 1 - On cold, clear nights horses will sleep under the...Ch. 1 - When watching a circus during the day in a large,...Ch. 1 - Satellites designed to observe the radiation from...Ch. 1 - Why are thermometers that ale used in weather...Ch. 1 - Putting a lid on a boiling pot greatly reduces the...Ch. 1 - Your house will be empty for a while in cold...Ch. 1 - You pour coffee into an unlidded cup, intending to...Ch. 1 - Broiling is a method of cooking by radiation,...Ch. 1 - On a cold winter morning, why does the metal of a...Ch. 1 - While traveling outside the United States, you...Ch. 1 - What are the following temperatures on the Kelvin...Ch. 1 - (a) Suppose a cold front blows into your locale...Ch. 1 - An Associated Press article on climate change...Ch. 1 - (a) At what temperature do the Fahrenheit and...Ch. 1 - A person taking a reading of the temperature in a...Ch. 1 - The height of the Washington Monument is measured...Ch. 1 - How much taller does the Eiffel Tower become at...Ch. 1 - What is the change in length of a 3.00-cm-long...Ch. 1 - How large an expansion gap should be left between...Ch. 1 - You are looking to buy a small piece of land in...Ch. 1 - Global warming will produce rising sea levels...Ch. 1 - (a) Suppose a meter stick made of steel and one...Ch. 1 - (a) If a 500-mL glass beaker is filled to the brim...Ch. 1 - Most cars have a coolant reservoir to catch...Ch. 1 - A physicist makes a cup of instant coffee and...Ch. 1 - The density of water at 0 C is very nearly 1000...Ch. 1 - Show that =3a , by calculating the infinitesimal...Ch. 1 - Calorimetry On a hot day, the temperature of an...Ch. 1 - To sterilize a 50.0-g glass baby bottle, we must...Ch. 1 - The same heat transfer into identical masses of...Ch. 1 - Rubbing your hands together warms them by...Ch. 1 - A 0.250-kg block of a pule material is heated from...Ch. 1 - Suppose identical amounts of heat transfer into...Ch. 1 - (a) The number of kilocalories in food is...Ch. 1 - Following vigorous exercise, the body...Ch. 1 - In a study of healthy young men[1], doing 20...Ch. 1 - A 1.28-kg sample of water at 10.0 is in a...Ch. 1 - Repeat the preceding problem, assuming the water...Ch. 1 - How much heat transfer (in kilocalories) is...Ch. 1 - A bag containing 0 ice is much more effective in...Ch. 1 - (a) How much heat transfer is required to raise...Ch. 1 - Condensation on a glass of ice water causes the...Ch. 1 - On a trip, you notice that a 3.50-kg bag of ice...Ch. 1 - On a certain dry sunny day, a swimming pool 's...Ch. 1 - (a) How much heat transfer is necessary to raise...Ch. 1 - In 1986, an enormous iceberg broke away from the...Ch. 1 - How many grams of coffee must evaporate from 350 g...Ch. 1 - (a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a...Ch. 1 - The energy released from condensation in...Ch. 1 - To help prevent frost damage, 4.00 kg of water at...Ch. 1 - A 0.250-kg aluminum bowl holding 0.800 kg of soup...Ch. 1 - A 0.0500-kg ice cube at 30.0 is placed in 0.400...Ch. 1 - If you pour 0.0100 kg of 20.0 water onto a...Ch. 1 - Indigenous people sometimes cook in watertight...Ch. 1 - What would the final temperature of the pan and...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through...Ch. 1 - The rate of heat conduction out of a window on a...Ch. 1 - Calculate the rate of heat conduction out of the...Ch. 1 - Suppose you stand with one foot on ceramic...Ch. 1 - A man consumes 3000 kcal of food in one day,...Ch. 1 - A firewalker runs across a bed of hot coals...Ch. 1 - (a) What is the rate of heat conduction through...Ch. 1 - A warms transfers energy by conduction through its...Ch. 1 - Compare the rate of heat conduction through a...Ch. 1 - Suppose a person is covered head to foot by wool...Ch. 1 - Some stove tops are smooth ceramic for easy...Ch. 1 - One easy way to reduce heating (and cooling) costs...Ch. 1 - Many decisions are made on the basis of the...Ch. 1 - In 1701, the Danish astronomer Ole Rømer proposed...Ch. 1 - What is the percent error of thinking the melting...Ch. 1 - An engineer wants to design a structure in which...Ch. 1 - How much stress is cleated in a steel beam if its...Ch. 1 - A brass rod (Y=90109N/m2), with a diameter of...Ch. 1 - A mercury thermometer still in use for meteorology...Ch. 1 - Even when shut down after a period of normal use,...Ch. 1 - You leave a pastry in the refrigerator on a plate...Ch. 1 - Two solid spheres, A and B, made of the same...Ch. 1 - In some countries, liquid nitrogen is used on...Ch. 1 - Some gun fanciers make their own bullets, which...Ch. 1 - A 0.800-kg iron cylinder at a temperature of...Ch. 1 - Repeat the preceding problem with 2.00 kg of ice...Ch. 1 - Repeat the preceding problem with 0.500 kg of ice,...Ch. 1 - A 30.0-g ice cube at its melting point is dropped...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through...Ch. 1 - (a) An exterior wall of a house is 3 m tall and 10...Ch. 1 - For the human body, what is the rate of heat...Ch. 1 - You have a Dewar flask (a laboratory vacuum flask)...Ch. 1 - An infrared heater for a sauna has a surface area...Ch. 1 - (a) Deter-nine the power of radiation from the Sun...Ch. 1 - A pendulum is made of a rod of length L and...Ch. 1 - At temperatures of a few hundred kelvins the...Ch. 1 - In a calorimeter of negligible heat capacity, 200...Ch. 1 - An astronaut performing an extra-vehicular...Ch. 1 - The goal in this problem is to find the growth of...Ch. 1 - As the very first rudiment of climatology,...Ch. 1 - Let's stop ignoring the greenhouse effect and...
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- What is the net heat current in radiation of an Ice cube at 0 °C if the surrounding air is at 20°C? The ice cube has sides of length 2.50 cm, the emissivity of ice is 0.96 and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is o = 5.67 x 10-8 Watts/m2Kª. Is the heat flow out or into the ice cube, explain?arrow_forwardDi O 11:PA (1) Suppose a person is covered head to foot by wool clothing with average thickness of 2 cm and is transferring energy of 6000 joules by conduction through the clothing for 2 minutes. What is the temperature difference across the clothing, given the surface area is 1.4m?? (Given: Thermal conductivity of wool is 0.04 W/mK) The difference in temperature = (2) A 9.15 kg sample of water at 11°C is in a calorimeter. You drop a piece of iron with a mass of 0.41 kg at 260°C into it. After the sizzling subsides, what is the final equilibrium temperature? (Given: Sp. Heat of water 1cal/g°C & Sp. Heat of iron is 0.106 cal/g°C) Equilibrium temperature in celcius =arrow_forwardThe next four questions use this description. Our Sun has a peak emission wavelength of about 500 nm and a radius of about 700,000 km. Your dark-adapted eye has a pupil diameter of about 7 mm and can detect light intensity down to about 1.5 x 10-11 W/m². Assume the emissivity of the Sun is equal to 1. First, given these numbers, what is the surface temperature of the Sun in Kelvin to 3 significant digits? 5,796arrow_forward
- Our sun, currently a yellow dwarf, will eventually evolve to a red giant star and then to a white dwarf star as shown in the figure. Assume that the sun radiates like a blackbody. Calculate the power radiated by the YELLOW DWARF sun if its surface temperature is 5778 K.arrow_forwardThe amount of radiant energy emitted by a surface is given by q = ɛ0 AT+ where q represents the rate of thermal energy (per unit time) emitted by the surface in watts; e = the emissivity of the surface 0<ɛ<1 and is unitless o = Stefan-Boltzman constant (o = 5.67×10% ) A represents the area of the surface in m² Ty = surface temperature of the object expressed in kelvin What are the appropriate units for o if the equation is to be homogeneous in units?arrow_forwardOur Sun shines bright with a luminosity of 3.828 x 1026 Watt. Her energy is responsible for many processes and the habitable temperatures on the Earth that make our life possible. Calculate the amount of energy arriving on the Earth in a single day. To how many litres of heating oil (energy density: 37.3 x 106 J/litre) is this equivalent? The Earth reflects 30% of this energy: Determine the temperature on Earth’s surface. What other factors should be considered to get an even more precise temperature estimate? Note: The Earth’s radius is 6370 km; the Sun’s radius is 696 x 103 km; 1 AU is 1.495 x 108 km.arrow_forward
- Our sun, currently a yellow dwarf, will eventually evolve to a red giant star and then to a white dwarf star as shown in the figure. Assume that the sun radiates like a blackbody. Calculate the power radiated by the RED GIANT sun if its surface temperature is 3000 K.arrow_forwardHow many watts will be radiated from a spherical black body 25 cm in diameter at a temperature of 900 degrees Celsius?arrow_forwardThe following heat transfer formula quantifies the radiation emitted from the Sun: P = eoA(T4 – T?) Equation 5 where: P= radiated power (Watts) e = emissivity (=1 for ideal radiator; unitless) o = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67x10-8 W/m2-K+ A = radiating area (m²) T= temperature of radiator (Kelvin) Tc = temperature of surroundings (Kelvin) Q3 Using the following values, together with equation 5, calculate the power emitted by the Sun. sun's surface temperature = 5780 K temperature of the environment that the Sun is located in = 4 K emissivity of the Sun = 1 radius of the Sun = 695,700,000 m Stephen-Boltzmann constant o = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2-K4 Show your work below-you may use the equation editor or insert a picture of your handwritten work.arrow_forward
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