Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 15RQ
Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently?
- at the base
- within the branches
- at the nodes
- at the branch tips
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What part of this phylogenetic tree does the arrow point to?
Root
Tip
Internal node
Edge
When building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a number used to designate a change in character state?options:
at a mark crossing the branch for the species that exhibits the new state
at a node where two branches diverge
at the end of a branch between the last species to exhibit the old state and the first to display the new state
When reading a phylogenetic tree, which of the following is true regarding the evolutionary
relationships among the taxa represented on the tree?
Taxa located at adjacent tips of the branches are always more closely related to each other than to other taxa
on the tree. Therefore, a species is always equally related to the taxon on the branch immediately to the right
it and the taxon on the branch immediately to the left of it
The branch lengths always represent the amount of morphological change between taxa
The internal nodes (branching points) of the tree represent the most recent common ancestors of the taxa
connected by the branches
The position of taxa on the tree is completely arbitrary and does not reflect their evolutionary relationships
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 1 - Figure 1.6 In the example below, the scientific...Ch. 1 - Figure 1.7 Decide if each of the following is an...Ch. 1 - Figure 1.16 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 1 - The first forms of life on Earth were plants...Ch. 1 - A suggested and testable explanation for an event...Ch. 1 - Which of the following sciences is not considered...Ch. 1 - The type of logical thinking that uses related...Ch. 1 - The process of helps to ensure that a scientist’s...Ch. 1 - A person notices that her houseplants that are...Ch. 1 - The smallest unit of biological structure that...
Ch. 1 - Viruses are not considered living because they...Ch. 1 - The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a...Ch. 1 - A group of individuals of the same species living...Ch. 1 - Which of the following sequences represents the...Ch. 1 - Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to...Ch. 1 - Although the scientific method is used by most of...Ch. 1 - Give an example of how applied science has had a...Ch. 1 - Name two topics that are likely to be studied by...Ch. 1 - Thinking about the topic of cancer, write a basic...Ch. 1 - Select two items that biologists agree are...Ch. 1 - Consider the levels of organization of the...Ch. 1 - You go for a long walk on a hot clay. Give an...Ch. 1 - Using examples, explain how biology can be studied...
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- When building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a letter used to designate a species? options: at a mark crossing the branch to the clade that includes that species at a node where two branches diverge at the end of a branch unique to that speciesarrow_forwardDo you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are a type of model that can be used to show how organisms are related through common ancestry. The phylogenetic tree model represents nodes numbered 1 through 8. Using evidence from the phylogenetic tree determine which species would be MOST closely related to the species on branch C? Question options: The species on Branch A is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most recent common ancestor at node 1. The species on Branch B is most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the greatest number of common +ancestors. The species on Branch A & B are both most closely related to the species on branch C because they share the most most recent common ancestor at node 2. The species on Branches F, G, H, and I are all equally related to the species on branch C because they all split from a common ancestor at the same time which is illustrated by having nodes 2 and 7 at the…arrow_forward
- What is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? Write 4 points at leastarrow_forwardExamine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate? How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD? Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.arrow_forwardCircle which of the phylogenetic trees is/are different from the one at the top:arrow_forward
- How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time? Some organisms that appear very closely related to a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related (Example. Sharks and dolphins). Why is this?arrow_forwardWhen several possible phylogenetic trees can be produced from a data set, the most parsimonious tree: O is the one that shows the smallest number of synapomorphies. O is the one that shows the largest number of nodes. O is the one that shows the largest number of analogous characteristics. O is the one that shows the smallest number of evolutionary changes. O is the one that shows the smallest number of branches.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic tree: Change in characteristics occurs in lineages over time. Rate of mutation is not constant over time and for all lineages in phylogenetic tree. So, leaves can have different distance from the root. As, we have no idea how these rabbits are related in evolution. Construct a phylogenetic tree from table below using NeighborJoining Method. where X is 57.arrow_forward
- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? (Write 4 points)arrow_forwardPlease compare these phylogenetic trees and choose the most accurate statement about whether they are the same tree or not. A a Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. b с DCBE d E A They are not the same because the overall shape looks different. They are not the same because they show different relationships among species. Nodes have been rotated but the species relationships are the same. They are the same because they have the same species at their tips. D C Barrow_forward
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