Which of the following patterns best describes how species richness changes from the arctic to the tropics? O Species richness increases from the arctic to the tropics O Species richness remains the same from the acrtic to the tropics O Species richness decreases from the arctic to the tropics Species richness iricreases, then decreases from the arctic to the tropics None of these
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- Which of the following statements about the concept of ecological niche is correct? A species' realized niche, may or may not be the same as its fundamental niche The fundamental niche of a species includes biotic and abiotic factors while the realized niche only includes biotic factors A species' fundamental niche is always smaller than its realized niche A niche is the same as a habitatWhich of the following statements is/are consistent with the Intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Species diversity is maximized in areas that experience high levels of disturbance Areas with low levels of disturbance will be dominated by K selected species Decades of suppression in California has likely increased diversity in our national forests Areas with intermediate levels of disturbance will have the lowest levels of diversitySince 1972, Dr. Jim Estes had been studying a food chain of kelp -> urchins -> sea otters, and then in the early 1990s orcas began eating the sea otters. The data collected by Dr. Estes are shown. Panel A shows sea otter abundance around four different islands from 1972 to 1997. Panel B shows the amount of sea urchins (sea urchin biomass) in 1987 and 1997. Panel C shows the amount of kelp that sea urchins ate over a 24- hour period (grazing intensity) in 1991 and 1997. Panel D shows the number of kelp plants within a specific area (density of kelp) in 1987 and 1997. The thickness of the arrows illustrates the strength of the effect one species has on the species below it in the food web. Sea otter abundance -Amchitka L N. Adak I. Kagalaska i. L Riskal. Sea urchin biomass Grazing intensity Total kelp density 1972 1985 1989 1993 1997 Year In 1997, which species is the apex predator in the food chain? No. per 0.25 m % loss 24hr gms 0.25m Otter No. (% max. count)
- 1) Which of the following defines the niche of a species? The role of a species in its community as well as the conditions it requires and the interactions it takes part in All populations of all species in some area The type of environment in which a species lives The number of species and their relative abundance within a community 2) Which of the following is an example of a biological factor that can affect community structure? Tropical regions support a high species diversity by receiving the most sunlight energy. The high temperatures of desert regions limit which species can live there. A plant species can live only in regions with a suitable level of rainfall. An insect herbivore inhibits the population growth of a tree species. 3)Which of the following prey defensive adaptations involves two or more prey species coming to resemble one another? Camouflage Startle displays…Which of the following would be considered a factor affecting species distribution? Habitat selection Oxygen availability Number of births in a year Death rates due to illness Temperature of the environmentCA least tern ENDANGERED ANIMAL is CA least tern questionbases on the bird CA least term Reasons for Endangerment Explain the various factors that have led to this species’ current plight. Expand on these points individually, based on your species’ unique story. Domino Effects As we’ve learned, species are not islands unto themselves; they are integrated with many other organisms in trophic relationships, mutualisms, competition, etc. How is the absence of this species (or its lowered population size) likely to impact the other members of its habitat? (If findings specific to this point are available, please include them – otherwise, I’m asking you to speculate based on what you’ve learned about the biology of this organism.) Conservation Efforts Discuss past, current, and proposed efforts to conserve this species. Are these strategies effective? Are they realistic? What is the outlook for this organism?
- Which of the following are important variables that determine the equilibrium number of species in an island (Note: You may choose one or more than one answer. Think wisely.) Distance from mainland Temperature in the island Size of island Distance from equator Humidityfoot oud de wels When top-down control occurs within an intertidal zone along the rocky coastline of the Pacific Ocean, which of the following species controls the abundance of other species, because of its keystone species influence? Mark only one oval. Food webs are typically arranged into trophic levels with which of the following? Mark only one oval. OA) primary producers at the bottom, carnivores in the middle, and herbivores at the 0 0 0 0 top. top. top, A) kelp B) mussels C) barnacles D) starfish E) Spartina grasses top. B) herbivores at the bottom, carnivores in the middle, and primary producers at the C) carnivores at the bottom, herbivores in the middle, and primary producers at the D) primary producers at the bottom, herbivores in the middle, and carnivores at the Removal of sea otters from a Pacific Ocean system results in a massive increase in sea urchins and subsequent loss of kelp beds. This is an example of which of the following? Mark only one oval. A) a trophic…The Law of 10 determines all the following characteristics except one. Which one characteristic does the Law of 10 NOT determine? Group of answer choices The abundance of individuals at various trophic levels The amount of energy stored in the combined biomass of various trophic levels The combined mass of individuals at various trophic levels The length of food chains The number of species at various trophic levels
- Species 1K1 (Carrying capacity of Species 1) = 1,000r1 (Intrinsic rate of increase of Species 1) = 0.02 Species 2K2 (Carrying capacity of Species 2) = 400r2 (Intrinsic rate of increase of Species 2) = 0.05Which one will recover from disturbances more quickly? Species 1 Species 2Which of the following organisms would you expect to be most abundant in the tall grass prairie ecosystem? Bobcats and and coyotes White-tailed deer and cottontail rabbits Harriers and and kestrels Grasses and flowering plantsWhich of the following attributes of a community would tend to lead to higher species richness? High specialization of species A broad resource spectrum High population size in each species Both a and b Both b and c