Repolarization of ventricular myocardiocytes is caused by ______ the cells through voltage-gated channels.   A potassium entering   B potassium leaving   C sodium entering   D sodium leaving   E calcium entering

Q: Which of the following characteristics imparts autorhythmic cells with the ability to function…

A: Autorhythmic cells are those cells which are excited by self. These cells generates action potential…

Q: Which of the following is unique to cardiac musclecells?a. Only cardiac muscle contains a…

A: The cardiac muscles show the characteristics of both smooth and striated muscles. The cells of…

Q: Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate by Decreasing permeability of SA node cells…

A: Parasympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers tend to be vagus nerve and are cholinergic in nature.…

Q: Which ion movement causes depolarization in the contractile cells of the heart? Ca++ leaving the…

A: The human heart is a muscular blood pumping organ made up of electrically excitable cardiac muscle…

Q: Nodal (conductile) cells in the heart differ from other myocardiocytes (contractile cells) in that…

A: There are two major types of cardiac muscle cells present: myocardial contractile cells and…

Q: Which neurotransmitter/target receptor combinations would you expect to find in these areas of the…

A: Neurotransmitter and target receptor combinations in the areas of the heart are as follows: SA…

Q: Leaky Na+ channels in the cells of the SA Node do which of the following?   a-allow a slow…

A: d-allow a slow depolarization that eventually reaches the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Q: a hypothetical disorder where a patient did not have an arterioventricular- bundle. As a result, the…

A: AV bundle also known as bundle of His. This is the only site where action potential can move from…

Q: In pacemaker cells the movement of __________ into the cell through voltage-gated channels is…

A: The opening of channels that let positive ions flow into the cell can cause depolarization. Flow of…

Q: For questions #10-20, match each term to its definition. _____ . Vein…

A: Heart is defined as the hollow muscular organ which is composed of several layers of cardiac muscles…

Q: why are cardiac muscle cells affected by hyperkalemia? A. All choices below are correct B. Resting…

A: Hyperkalemia is the medical condition which arises from increased levels of Potassium in the blood.…

Q: In the figure below on the left, label the P, QRS and T waves. Describe what is happening in the…

A: The electrical activities of heart are traced with the help of electrocardiogram. Under normal…

Q: This diagram shows a _______ and the green things being released into the space are _____. A.…

A: The branch of biology associated with studying the functions of living organisms’ body can be…

Q: Autorhythmic cells in the SA node intrinsically fire at a rate of - 90 action potentials per minute.…

A: While performing exercise, the cardiovascular apparatus performs two major tasks:- 1. Provides…

Q: Describe the action potential of an autorhythmic cell in the heart. a) Indicate how the opening and…

A: Answer 1- the opening and closing of each ion channel affects the membrane potential of the cell can…

Q: Which of these conditions occurs in the repolarization phase of an action potential in pacemaker…

A: When the change in the membrane potential occurs due to voltage decrease, then it is called…

Q: the difference between the action potential of a cardiac contractile cell and an action potential in…

A: Cardiac action potentials in the heart differ considerably from action potentials found in neural…

Q: Which of the following channels are involved in the action potential in contractile cells of the…

A: An action potential is a sudden, fast, transitory, and propagating shift in the resting membrane…

Q: Which ONE of the following statements is TRUE? OA Cardiac myocyte contraction results primarily from…

A: Given here are some statements . Following I will be discussing which among them is correct and…

Q: Heart beat/rate is controlled by these groups of cells on the heart. a-SA node b-AV node c-nerve…

A: Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per…

Q: Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell then in an atrial or…

A: Cardiac action potential  It refers to the short alteration in the voltage i.e. membrane potential…

Q: With endurance athletes, an increased stroke volume at rest will occur because of   Select 3…

A: Stroke volume is defined as the amount of blood that can be pumped out by heart per beat.

Q: Action potentials in the ventricular cardiomyocytes differ from those in the SA node in that action…

A: Heart is the organ that pumps blood to all regions of the body. Muscles of the heart (cardiac…

Q: In a cardiac contractile cell what is the mechanism involved in the change in membrane potential?…

A: The cardiac contractile cell undergoes various changes in order to perform several activities and…

Q: When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? At the end of…

A: Cardiac cycle is referred to as the time period between the contraction of atria and the relaxation…

Q: The entry of calcium into a ventricular muscle cell helps to maintain depolarization of the membrane…

A: A well-working conduction system generates a depolarization wave, which causes the atria and…

Q: Below are drawings of three different action potentials. Two of these occur in the heart, and one…

A: An action potential is a term that denotes the change in the resting membrane potential upon stimuli…

Q: What is the cardiac output of a heart when the heartbeat rate is 60 beat.min-1, the diastolic…

A: Cardiac output: Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute  Strove volume :  amount of blood…

Q: which of the following groups is most related to the pumping function of the heart? Explain the…

A: The heart is a muscular organ the size of a fist that is found directly behind and considerably to…

Q: Your grandfather was told that his SA node (pacemaker) has stopped functioning. Explain how his…

A: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system…

Q: The movement of which two ions is responsible for maintaining the plateau phase of the action…

A:

Q: During isovolumetric relaxation, the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are: a. open and…

A: Cardiac cycle explains the flow of blood in the heart during a single heartbeat. This helps to…

Q: In ventricular fibrillation, there is no pattern visible in the EKG. What does this mean in terms of…

A: Venticular fibrillation produces irregular electrical signals in the muscles of the ventricles .

Q: In a normal heartbeat the atria contract ______.   A at exactly the same time as the ventricles   B…

A: Rhythmic pulsation of the heart as a result of an action potential is known as the heartbeat. The…

Q: An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the ____.   A difference in electrical potential between two…

A: An electrocardiogram or ECG is a simple non-invasive test conducted on the patient to check his /…

Q: Fill in the blank:  The fibers that carry cardiac impulses from the interventricular septum into the…

A: Cardiac impulses originate from the sinoatrial node that causes the contraction of the heart muscles…

Q: During the refractory period a second action potential______.   A cannot occur because…

A: An action potential is generated when the membrane depolarized from resting potential. Resting…

Q: Calculate the power generated by the right ventricle during (a) restful state; blood flow 5 L/min,…

A: The heart contracts to circulate blood across the body and into the lungs. The left chamber…

Q: A drug that blocks the cardiac muscarinic receptor might be expected to: O Increased heart rate…

A: Cardiac muscarinic antagonists are the agent that inhibits the function of the muscarinic receptors.…

Q: Which of the following channels is responsible for generating the long plateau found in the action…

A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct.   - slow Ca2+ channels.

Q: In figure ( bottom left): use the barorecptor reflex to explain why the R-R interval increases as…

A: Barrow receptor reflex is  one of body's homeostasis mechanism that helps to maintain bloodpressure…

Q: What normally serves as the pacemaker of the entire heart? O Purkinje fiber system O…

A: Introduction: The heart has a specialized cardiac musculature known as nodal tissue (distributed in…

Q: Vhich of the following is an inaccurate description of autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular…

A: The autonomic innervation of the heart is done by innervation of parasympathetic and sympathetic…

Q: Why is resting heart rate somewhat slower than the 80–100 bpm set by the SA node? The AV bundle…

A: Heart rate refers to the rate or the number of beats in one minute. Heart rate differs between…

Q: Which of the following are TRUE, when describing the Action Potential of a Non- Contractile Cardiac…

A: Introduction A transient shift in voltage (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart…

Q: Place these events in the correct order as they occur in the cardiac cycle: 1. Contraction of the…

A: Cardiac cycle Cardiac cycle is a term used to describe the relaxation and contraction that occur,…

Q: What is the consequence of the prolonged plateau of depolarization in ventricular myocytes?   a-it…

A: the consequence of the prolonged plateau of depolarization in ventricular myocytes.

Q: f the sinoatrial node stopped generating action potentials the heart would _____.   A stop beating…

A: The heartbeat starts with an impulse generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) also known as the…

Q: During the isovolumetric relaxation phase of ventricular diastole: O a) Both ventricular volume and…

A: Ventricular diastole:- Is the period during which the two ventricles are relaxing from the  wringing…

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.