Living chain polymerization of monomer X follows the first-order kinetics. The correspondingpropagation rate constant (kp) was determined by gas chromatography (GC), with thefollowing monomer concentrations measured at different polymerization times, assuminginstant initiation:Polymerization time (min)0251015[X]t (M)1.801.521.270.950.740.500.252030Plot the dependence of -In([X]/[X]) on time using software specialized for graphs (e.g.,Origin, SigmaPlot, not MS Excell!) and perform the linear data fitting. Export the graph in TIFFformat and paste it below as an image. Make sure the graph is graphically appealing!b) From this fitting, calculate the kp of polymerization, assuming the living character ofpolymerization and an initial initiator concentration (an thus the constant concentration ofgrowing centers) of 0.09 Mc) What is the theoretical degree of polymerization (DP) of the prepared polymer? Weassume full monomer conversion, complete initiation, absence of termination and any chaintransfers.

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Answered: Living chain polymerization of monomer…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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2. The anionic polymerization of styrene was performed using a 1.38 mol/L solution of styrene in cyclohexane at 40 °C. The polymerization was initiated by 100x10-5 mol/L of butyl lithium and a kinetic order dependence on initiator of 0.5 was observed with an apparent rate constant of 2.4x10-2 observed. The polymerization was run from t = 0 to t= 8000 and a data point collected every t = 200 intervals. Plot [M] vs. time for this reaction.
An elementary reaction is generally expressed as: dC :-kC," dt where A is the species being depleted as the reaction progresses, k is the rate constant, and n is the order of reaction, usually referred to as the stoichiometric coefficient of the resulting product. For a polymerization reaction A> 3B, find the initial amount if after 30 seconds, A species is reduced to 5 moles/L within 3 minutes. Take the rate constant as 0.314 L?/(molľ²-min).
Qf The Pvc polymer were obtained in the thermal initiation (0.01 M) of Vinyl chloride (8.3 M) at 60°c where Kp= 145 1. mol's" and Kd-1.5 L.moi's and I=1 calculate rate of propagation and degree of polymerization if the rate of termination for polymer RP = 7.0x16 ²1. moi's' ?
Why a particular polymerization reaction shows an exponential increase in reaction rate? Explain that polymerization reaction mechanism with suitable examples.
An elementary reaction is generally expressed as: dC, = -kC," dt where A is the species being depleted as the reaction progresses, k is the rate constant, and n is the order of reaction, usually referred to as the stoichiometric coefficient of the resulting product. For a polymerization reaction A> 3B, find the initial amount if after 30 seconds, A species is reduced to 5 moles/L within 3 minutes. Take the rate constant as 0.314 L'/(moP-min).
Identify the mechanism
1. (a) Write the complete mechanism, including initiation and propagation steps, for the free-radical polymerization of the following reactants: CEN hv ROOR + 2 ?? (b) Include one termination step (not from the initiation step or some species striking a wall).
Rate law experiments don’t always give data in the form of a rate in molesper second. Some of them give an amount of time necessary for areaction to proceed to a given point. The faster the rate, the less timenecessary. For the following data, assume that the time recorded for eachexperiment is the time required to consume 0.10 M of A in a hypotheticalreaction A + B yields C Time taken (s) [A]0 [B]0 36.8 0.20 0.40 25.0 0.20 0.60 10.0 0.50 0.60 Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction
The polymerization of vinyl chloride (1.6X10°M) is carried out using hydrogen Peroxide (0.4x10- M), the initial rate and Dp as 1x104 mol/L.S, and 300 respectively, Calculate the rate of propagation, and chain length of polymer, if K = 4.0x10°mol/L.S, f=1.
a) Give an example of an old Ziegler-Natta catalyst and indicate twodisadvantages compared to the newer catalysts.b) Describe the four components of modern Ziegler-Natta catalystsc) Describe the mechanism of the ethylene polymerization reactionconsidering an octahedral site of titaniumd) Describe the particle size of the polymer.
The decomposite was in and the followinly uala were obtained: 40 °C 2 H₂O2(aq) 2 H₂O(l) + O2(g) Time (s) [H₂O₂] 1.000 0.910 0.780 0.590 0.370 0.220 0.130 0.082 0.052 0 120 300 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600 Write down the rate law expression?
3. The thermal polymerization of B-carboxymethyl caprolactam proceeds by an initial isomerization via a second-order kinetic process followed by condensation of the isomer to the polymer: -NH -NH2 Isomerization Polymerization HO The data below were obtained at 270 °C for the polymerization of B-carboxymethyl caprolactam. t (min) c (mol fraction) 20 0.042 30 0.039 40 0.028 50 0.024 60 0.021 80 0.018 90 0.015 110 0.013 120 0.012 Given that the rates of polymerization are first order in vNH, and v(cO),0 and vNH, = V(CO),0 - (1) Using a graphical method, determine whether these data indicate catalyzed or uncatalyzed conditions, and evaluate the rate constant for the polymerization. (ii) Describe a method by which the values of c (mol fraction) might be determined. (Where vNH, and v(co),0 are the number of NH2 and (CO),0 functional groups.)

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