How can an enhancer that regulates expression of a given gene be active in one tissue but inactive in another?O Any of these answers can be rightO The enhancer sequence can be different in different tissuesO Protein(s) that bind the enhancer can be present in some tissues but absent in othersThe sequence of the promoter that the enhancer regulates can be different in different tissuesO The genes that encode protein(s) that bind the enhancer can be present in some tissues and absent in others

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Description: How can an enhancer that regulates expression of a given gene be active in one tissue but inactive in another?O Any of these answers can be rightO The enhancer sequence can be different in different tissuesO Protein(s) that bind the enhancer can be

Enhancers, also known as transcription factors, are DNA regulatory elements that can be bound by…

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Biology

How can an enhancer that regulates expression of a given gene be active in one tissue but inactive in another?

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter14: Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYU: Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription...

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The following diagram illustrates four genes from the genome of a certain insect. Different binding sites are labeled in the enhancer region of each gene. enhancer promoter ABC D E Gene 1 A D Gene 2 АС DE Gene 3 ABD Gene 4 In order for a specific gene to be expressed in the insect's cells, all of the gene's binding sites must be bound by transcriptional activators. • The insect's brain cells contain activators that bind to sites A, C, D, and E • The insect's salivary gland cells contain activators that bind to sites A, B, and D Which of the following is the most likely pattern of gene expression for the insect described above? Gene 2 will be expressed in both brain and salivary gland cells Both gene 1 and gene 4 will be expressed in salivary glands, but neither will be expressed in brain cells Gene 1 will be expressed in both brain and salivary glands Both gene 2 and gene 3 will be expressed in brain cells, but neither will be expressed in salivary gland cells
Which of the following statements concerning enhancer DNA sequences is true? Group of answer choices Enhancer DNA sequences must be located before (upstream) the genes they control. Enhancers DNA sequences are close to the genes they activate (via looping) even if they very far away as measured through the linear DNA sequence. Enhancer DNA sequences will not recruit their respective protein factors if you artificially insert the enhancer backwards. All these statements are true.
A translocation mutation results in a silencer being inserted just upstream of the promoter of a gene (Gene X). How would you predict the expression of gene X be affected by this mutation? Gene X will not be expressed in any cell that has this mutation Gene X will not be expressed in any cell that has this mutation and the appropriate repressor protein Gene X will be expressed in any cell that has this mutation Gene X will be expressed in any cell that has this mutation and the appropriate repressor protein
For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. basal factors 1. organizes enhancer/promoter interactionsb. repressors 2. pattern of expressiondepends on which parenttransmitted the allelec. CpG 3. activates gene transcriptiontemporal- and tissue-specificallyd. imprinting 4. site of DNA methylatione. miRNA 5. identifies DNA-binding sitesof transcription factorsf. coactivators 6. bind to enhancersg. epigenetic effect 7. bind to promotersh. insulator 8. bind to activatorsi. enhancer 9. prevents or reduces geneexpression posttranscriptionallyj. ChIP-Seq 10. heritable change in geneexpression not caused byDNA sequence mutation
Many genes whose expression is turned on by DNAdamage have been isolated. Loss-of-function mutations in the lexA gene lead to the expression of manyof these genes, even when there has been no DNAdamage. Would you hypothesize that LexA protein isa positive or a negative regulator? Why?
Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcription
Which of the following is NOT true about cis-regulatory elements (CREs)? Group of answer choices Enhancers, silencers and promotors can be located anywhere in relation to the gene Enhancers are involved with increasing gene expression CREs often contain motifs that allow transcription factors to bind CREs are involved in determining the timing, location and amount of gene expression
The figure below shows 6 genes that are differentially expressed based on their specific enhancers. The different activators (A-F) are proteins that can bind to the appropriate control element in the enhancers of these genes. Use the diagram to answer the following question: What gene(s) would be transcribed if you A, C, E and F enhancers had activators bound to them? No need to explain your answer – just provide the gene(s). ABCD Promoter Brain specific gene ABC F Promoter Liver specific gene C Promoter Heart specific gene A CD Promoter Skin specific gene AB D Promoter Gut specific gene EF Promoter Nose specific gene
Match each example of mutation to the correct effect on function. Hypomorphic mutation Hypermorphic mutation Antimorphic mutation Neomorphic A deletion results in the loss of part of a protein and the protein retains some of its normal activity. A mutant allele makes a protein with increased cataytic activity. A mutant form of a transcription factor binds new DNA sequences to activate different genes. A mutant from of a receptor protein interferes with the function of the wild-type receptor through heterodimerization.
1. - Which factor(s)/protein(s) would you expect to occur at positions C and G ? (name them) 2. - Would you expect e1, e2, or e3 to be an enhancer for gene t? (explain briefly) 3. - Which genes would you expect to be most likely regulated by enhancer e1? (explain briefly) 4. - In this example genes t - x are expressed but genes y and z are not transcribed. At which position would you expect to see a sharp transition between the chromatin marks H3K27me3 and H3K36me3? (name the position, A - I).
Which statement is correct about expression of a gene regulated by Gal4? O Galactose increases gene expression by inhibiting Gal80 O Galactose increases gene expression by binding Gal4 O Galactose decreases gene expression by binding RNA polymerase O Gal4 binds to the promoter O Gal80 binds to the promoter
In the regulatory switch experiment, which level of gene expression regulation is the focus? Regulatory switch Enhancer Mouse Enhancer Bat Enhancer Bat-mouse translation level regulation transcription level regulation post-translational regulation O post-transcriptional regulation (RNA modification)