Below is a fractional saturation curve for O2 binding to adult hemoglobin. Assume that curve Y represents a condition at pH 7.4 and with a normal physiological level of 2,3-BPG. Curve X represents a condition that Fractional saturation (0) 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.0 0 Tissue PO₂ (kPa) Lungs
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- A patient carrying a mutant form of hemoglobin (KD = 48 torr) is planning to take part in a hiking trip that involves strenuous physical activity at ~10,000 feet above sea level. The mutant hemoglobin has reduced oxygen binding cooperativity (n = 2.2) and displays no major structural abnormalities. a. Calculate the percent saturation of hemoglobin in the lungs (pO2 = 70 torr at this elevation) for this patient and for an individual carrying a normal version of hemoglobin b. Calculate the percent saturation of hemoglobin in active skeletal muscle tissue (pO2 = 15 torr) for this patient and for an individual carrying a normal version of hemoglobin c. Will this patient transport oxygen from the lungs to active muscle tissues more or less efficientlythan an individual with a normal version of hemoglobin on this trip? Briefly explain your answerThe arterial O₂ concentration is given by the following expression [0₂] = 0.003 P0₂ + (PO₂)².8 +(26) 2.8 1. ЗЧНЬ (Рог ) 2-8 Where Poz is the alveolar O₂ pressure and Hb is the hemoglobin concentration in g/dL, respectively A subject who is at 0-95 ATM (211-0₂) has an arterial O₂ concentration of 19ml/dL and and arterial CO₂ pressure of 38mm Hg. Also, VO₂ = 340mL/min.; VCD₂ = 289 mL/min. Therefore, your hemoglobine level is: A. 14.39 Idl 8. 14.8 g/dl C. 15.2 g/dl D. 15.7g/dL E. 16 g/dLThis graph shows the O2 binding curves of Hemoglobin. Which one is the R-state curve, and which one is the T-state? Why these curves are different comparing to the normal curve (middle one) 1.0 0.8 Observed hemoglobin- binding curve 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 50 100 150 200 p02 (torr) Y (fractional saturation)
- A child weighing 22 lbs, has an infection and the doctor orders erythromycin drops 2.0 mLp.o. q6h. The bottle states that the usual dosage is 20.0-40.0 mg/kg/day, and there are35.0 mg per 1.5 mL. Find the min and max dosage per day in mL. Is the order within therecommended dosage?Following several days at high altitude the body responds to the decreased oxygen content of the atmosphere by increasing the amount of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate it produces. Based on this information and refering to the graph below, identify the correct response from the options. Y (fraction saturation) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 Oxygen Binding plot 40 60 p02 (torr) 80 100 A) Curve y=high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues B) Curve x = high altitude and gives a greater release of oxygen to the tissues C) Curve y=high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low oxygen levels D) Curve x = high altitude and allows more oxygen to be bound at low levelsBelow is an oxygen-binding curve for two hemoglobin variants. 1.0 0.8 0.6 B 0.4 0.2 20 40 60 80 100 O2 pressure (torr) Determine the p50 for variant A to the nearest 5 torr (i.e., if the p50 was 12, you would write 10). Determine the fraction of the hemoglobin B bound with O2 in the lungs (pO2 = 100 torr) that delivers oxygen to the tissues (pO2 = 20 torr)? Answer to the nearest 0.05 value (for example, 0.10 or 0.15). Which hemoglobin variant (write A or B or same) delivers more oxygen to tissues? Fraction bound with O2
- Inorganic compounds of metallic mercury are presumed from metabolic studies to distribute uniformly after inhalation or ingestion with 8% going to the liver and 92% to the total body. Biological clearance of mercury in each of these tissues occurs by two compartments, 95% with a biological half-life of 40 days and the remaining 5% with a biological half-life of 10,000 days. For an intake of 1 MBq of 203Hg (Tr= 46.61 d). Determine the following 1. Total number of transformations in the Liver. 2. Total number of transformations in the total body.Given the following ABG (arterial blood gas) values for an asthmatic patient, what is your diagnosis? Briefly explain how you came to that diagnosis. pH = 7.33 (normal range: 7.38-7.42 PaCO2 = 55 mm Hg (normal range: 38-42 mm Hg) HCO3– = 25 mEq/L (normal range: 22-28 mEq/L) PaO2 = 70 mm Hg (normal range: 75-100 mm Hg)Given the following values, use the absorbance formula to find the hemoglobin concentration of the unknown. As =0.600Au =0.300Cs =20g/dl
- Below is the O₂ binding curve for adult Hb in whole blood (containing BPG) shown in red (labelled Hb). Fraction of Hb bound with Oxygen 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 40 pO2 (torr) 60 80 ABC c. Which curve lacks cooperativity? [Select] Hb 100 a. Which curve is the best representation for stripped Hb (pure hemoglobin with heme, but no other small allosteric molecules associated)? [Select] b. Which curve has the lowest affinity (as measured by the p50)? [Select]Approximately 0.3 mL of O2 is physically dissolved in each 100 mL of blood for every PaO2 increase of 100 mm Hg. is True or False explainIf normal plasma pH is 7.4 and normal [CO2) is 1.2 mM, what is the normal (HCO321? The pK9 for this system is 6.1. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has three dissociable protons, with the pK,'s shown below. Which form of phosphoric acid predominates in a solution at pH 4? Explain your answer. Acid H3POA 2.14 H2PO4 6.86 HPO,2- 12.4