(a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II) anaerobic respiration? (b) In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP and what the driving force for the ATP formation through ATP synthase?
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A: Asked : ATP equivalents would be generated or used by the metabolism of 2 oxaloacetate to glucose
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A: The correct answer is 38 ATP molecules.
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(a) Starting with one molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are produced during (I) aerobic and (II) anaerobic respiration? (b) In chemiosmotic (oxidative) phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP and what the driving force for the ATP formation through ATP synthase?
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- Discuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.*Determine the ATP yield from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose under the following conditions: a) b) c) in a mammalian muscle cell carrying out anaerobic glycolysis. in Escherichia coli, an aerobic prokaryote in a mammalian brown fat cell, in which electron transport occurs without producing ATPWhich of the following statements is not true? (a) Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. (b) Glycolysis can proceed under low oxygen levels with the assistance of fermentation. (c) Glycolysis produces less ATP than does either the Krebs cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. (d) Glycolysis produces most of the ATP required by aerobic organisms like us.
- Consider the energy budget of glycolysis as a whole a) How many ATP's are made total? b) How many ATP's are invested (ATP --> ADP + Phosphate) c) How many ATP's does glycolysis of one glucose molecule net for the cell?How many ATPs could theoretically be formed from a glucosemolecule carried through aerobic respiration, and how many areprobably formed?What is the direct mechanism of ATP synthesis during the electron transport phase of cellular respiration? (what is the potential energy source that drives ATP production?) b) Why is oxygen needed for this phase? c) What is the role of ATP synthase
- Assume a cell undergoes the Aerobic Respiration option of catabolism. Calculate the number of ATP molecules that it could theoretically generate if it starts with each of thefollowing molecules. 1. a) A 10-unit polysaccharide (i.e., contains 10 glucose molecules) b) Two molecules of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate c) Four molecules of succinic acidIn some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose phosphate pathway. a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail. b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway, the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.The functioning of a particular pathway often depends not only on control enzymes in that pathway but alsoon control enzymes of other pathways. What happens in the following pathways under the indicated conditions? Suggest what otherpathway or pathways might be influenced.(a) High ATP or NADH concentration and the citric acid cycle.(b) High ATP concentration and glycolysis.(c) High NADPH concentration and the pentose phosphate pathway.(d) High fructose-2,6-bisphosphate concentration and gluconeo genesis.
- (i) Briefly explain the glycerol phosphate shuttle, a pathway by which a reduced coenzyme in the cytosol passes its reducing power to a mitochondrial molecule. (ii) Compare the ATP yield of two molecules of glycerol which enter glycolysis versus one molecule of glucose in glycolysis.Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true? (A) The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to produce NADH for use in anabolic pathways and ribose 6-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.(B) The oxidative arm of the PPP produces (2) NADPH per glucose 6-phosphate that enters the pathway. (C) Phosphopentose isomerase converts the ribose 5-phosphate made in the oxidative arm of the PPP into ribulose 5-phosphate that is used to form the ribose sugar of nucleotides.(D) The non-oxidative arm of the PPP interconverts between ribose 5-phosphate and a variety of intermediates of b-oxidation. (E) One of the functions of the PPP is to provide NADPH that inhibits glutathione reductase so that it cannot oxidatively damage RBCs.How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?