A House Style for the Formal Presentation of the Extended Essay Darryl D. Toerien Smallbone Library, Oakham School Group … Extended Essay: … Candidate Number: … Supervisor: … Word Count: 827 Abstract Given that the extended essay is a substantial piece of scholarly research that needs to be formally written up, the purpose of this essay is to outline the development of a house style for scholarly writing, based on the latest edition of the style guide developed by the American Psychological Association (APA), hereafter referred to as Oakham APA. After placing APA in context, the essay then considers APA as the basis of a house style, specifically in relation to the expectations of the IB for the extended essay as …show more content…
Contextualising APA There are essentially two approaches to documentation: numbered, in which the citation appears in a footnote or endnote, and parenthetical, in which it appears in-text. Numbered Documentation Numbered documentation had already been superseded by parenthetical documentation more than a decade ago , and even Chicago/Turabian, perhaps still the most well known numbered approach, now devotes roughly equal space to parenthetical documentation . This is the main reason why the numbered approach was not considered further. Parenthetical Documentation Parenthetical documentation styles are essentially either author-date, or author-page (sometimes author-title-page). The most common author-date documentation styles are Harvard and APA, while the most common author-page documentation style is MLA. Author-date documentation style. According to Chernin , the origin of the author-date method of documentation can be traced back to Edward Laurens Mark (1847-1946), although exactly how this method came to be known as Harvard remains unclear. As a method of documentation, there is no definitive Harvard style, although its success as a method has led to the proliferation of documentation styles based on it. One of the most well developed styles that can be said to be based on Harvard is that of the American Psychological Association, commonly referred to as APA style and first published in 1929. Author-page documentation
Here is the section of the style guide that might help you with your citations.
The purpose of this paper is to provide you with written instructions on some of the basic guidelines with the new APA format (American Psychological Association, 2009). In addition, this paper is written in APA format to provide you with a visual image of how many aspects of papers should be written, from the title page, to headings, to references in text, and the reference page. This paper is not met to be a comprehensive explanation of APA format, but will provide the reader with the basics. So, please buy the manual and read it.
C. Use a signal phrase that includes the author 's name, along with the page number on which the information appeared in parentheses.
In an APA formatted reference, a journal name and the volume number of the journal are italicized.
| Include the first seven authors’ names, then insert three ellipses, and add the last author’s name, like this:Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I., Author, I.,…Author, I. (year).
6. Utilize adopted communication modes and documentation styles of specific disciplines (MLA, APA, Chicago, CBE, etc) where appropriate.
in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers
APA FORMAT EXAMPLE Citations and the Reference Section If a document you cite has only one or two authors, then cite it like so (Knowitall & Allknowing, 2002; Urkel, 1998). Notice that I used a semi-colon to separate the two different citations. Also, the citations are in alphabetical order within the parentheses (i.e., “Knowitall &
When writing a research paper, APA style requires that citations are located both in the text of the body, as well as in a formal reference list section of the document. This article provides some general guidelines on how in-text citations should be formatted. For a more in-depth explanation, consult pages 169-179 of the Publication Manual.
1[Add footnotes, if any, on their own page following references. For APA formatting requirements, it’s easy to just type your own footnote references and notes. To format a footnote reference, select the number and then, on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, click Footnote Reference. The body of a footnote, such as this example, uses the Normal text style. (Note: If you delete this sample footnote, don’t forget to delete its in-text reference as well. That’s at the end of the sample Heading 2 paragraph on the first page of body content in this template.)]
Throughout the semester I, along with my classmates, have completed several essays and other assignments that highlight the use of the recursive writing process, critical reading strategies, conventions of English, research techniques, and MLA format. I am writing to you to show that I have completed the objectives of the Composition I course with my work this semester.
The APA style originated in 1929, when a group of psychologists, anthropologists, and business managers convened and sought to establish a simple set of procedures, or style rules, that would codify the many components of scientific writing to increase the ease of reading comprehension (“What is APA Style®,” n.d.). The American Psychologist Association began with thirty-one men who were fascinated with the new field of psychology in 1892 (Fabery, 2014). Since then more and more members have been joining the association. In 1928, the U.S. National Research Council sponsored a conference to set stylistic standards for the publication of manuscripts in anthropological and psychological journals which many prominent editors, journalists, psychologists, and anthropologists attended (Fabery, 2014.) The conference released a seven-page article with recommendations for writing. The American Psychologist Assocation itself adopted these recommendations as its own official style manual and became known as the APA style (Fabery, 2014). Since, the world
Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations presents two basic documentation systems: notes-bibliography style (or simply bibliography style) and author-date style (sometimes called reference list style). These styles are essentially the same as those presented in The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, with slight modifications for the needs of student writers.
It might seem like a boring topic, but it is for a grade so here goes. We use writing formats if we write anything. Some are formal, others are far more common. I prefer formal, Which do you think is the best? There are over 500 writing formats, and although some believe that the most common ones are the best, the best are MLA, the 2nd is APA, and the 3rd is CMS, etc...
Saunders (2003, p. 21) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level. In these two examples, the sentences summarise the main view expressed in an article written by Saunders. Also note that the first example highlights the information but the second example highlights or gives prominence to the author of the article. i. If the author’s name occurs naturally in the sentence, the year is given in parentheses: In a popular study, Harvey (2005) argued that we have to teach good practices… As Harvey (1992, p. 21) said, ‘good practices must be taught’ and so we… ii. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both name and year are given in parentheses: A more recent study (Stevens 2002) has shown the way theory and practical work interact… Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to